448 Dr. Du Riche Preller—The Engadine Lakes. 
of the armoured fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland and 
of other parts of EHurope. On the other hand, the Cladodonts are 
almost as essentially Carboniferous in aspect, or at least have hitherto 
been so considered. ‘The presence of Coccosteus, it is true, gives an 
air of antiquity to the fauna by its strong Devonian affinity. It is, 
however, in Ireland and Canada an Upper Devonian genus. On the 
other hand, a small ganoid seen in a macerated condition in the 
stomach of the Cladodont C. rivi-petrosi, and shown in our Figure, 
though incapable of exact interpretation, suggests Palaoniscus. 
Beyond question we have in this shale a stratum which records a 
transition time. The canons of paleontology must be very freely 
interpreted to allow of such a confusion of species. But this is 
only what we look for with advancing knowledge. All the hard 
and fast lines between our little systems must be blotted out, and the 
record of life becomes one continuous story before the tale of the 
rocks is fully told. 
It is scarcely too much to assume that in the Cleveland Shale we 
shall have preserved for us in its hard, tough concretions the history 
of a quiet time and a quiet area, where the Devonian fishes lived on 
and the Carboniferous forms developed by their side. The Cladodonts 
no longer burst upon us in full splendour with the Mountain Lime- 
stone, but we find them abundant long ages before the time of its 
deposition, living side by side with Coccosteus. ‘To discover their 
origin and their ancestors we must go further back and seek their 
remains in lower and older strata. 
GENERAL SEcTION IN N.E. Onto. 
: Feet. 
4 Carboniferous Conglomerate (Millstone Grit) ... ... 250 
© | Lower Carboniferous Limestone (Mountain Limestone) 0 
sei elbOgan GTOUD ac fieg cscs e seai (see) sieset ween ck omits 0 
a) |\ Ouyang SIMA. v5s6 |! Gon) 600° 00 edas 60 |) 50 » 00d 250 
re ibereaysinale teary seiee Brin PN ap sort be, Decca: Reece 20 
Ci Ber eas Grit elt eu} ana) pee die uh Weve ooter foms-elees mate 50 
IBeribiongel nelle ((onqwern taal) sou 505 | 505 0d 50 
Cleveland Shale (dark or black) =... n,n ne ae 60-20 
a) (fame Sinalle (gieemtisyn) peg G54 dos cdo on tc IIE) 
‘sa J} Huron Shale ) 
= | Hamilton Shale not cropping out at surface. 
& \ Corniferous Limestone j 
I1V.—On THE ORIGIN oF THE ENGADINE LAKES. 
By C. 8. Du Ricuz Pretuzer, M.A., Ph.D., Assoc.M.I.C.E., F.C.S., F.G.S. 
NY geologist who, in these days, is still bold enough to affirm 
that the origin of Alpine Lakes generally is due to glacial 
erosion, must surely derive considerable comfort from a visit to the 
Upper Engadine ; for the four lakes which adorn that valley appear, 
at first sight, to constitute so many typical examples of the erosive 
power of the ancient Inn glacier, and therefore a striking confirma- 
tion of that time-honoured theory. A closer and more extensive 
examination of the physiography of that exceedingly interesting 
district, leads, however, as in so many similar cases, to a very 
different, and precisely opposite conclusion. 
