460 Prof. K. A. von Zittel—On the Mammalia. 
INSECTIVORA. CARNIVORA. SIRENIA. 
Tetracus. Cynodon. LTalitherium. 
Amphicynodon. 
CREODONTIA. Plesictis. CETACEA. 
Hyznodon. ? Llocyon. 2? Sgualodon. 
? Lalenoptera. 
The Oligocene mammalian fauna only maintains any claim to 
independence through the abundant occurrence of Anthracotherium, 
Ancodus and Hlotherium. It shares nearly all its genera with the 
Upper Hocene, of which it shows itself an impoverished descendant. 
The absence of a considerable number of genera flourishing in 
the Upper Kocene is worthy of note (Anoplotherium, Diplobune, 
Xiphodon, Palaotherium, Paloplotherium, -Anchilophus, Pterodon, 
Proviverra, etc.). 
MrocEns. 
I. The fresh-water deposits, referred to the Lower Miocene, 
of Limagne (St. Gérand-le-Puy, Cournon, Gannat, etc.), of the 
Paris basin (Calcaire de Beauce), of the neighbourhood of May- 
ence (Weisenau, Hochheim, Mombach), Ulm (Haslach, Eckingen, 
Michelsberg, Eselsberg) contain a tolerably rich and characteristic 
mammalian fauna which, unfortunately, has only been discovered in 
a few European localities. It consists of the following genera :1— 
MARSUPIALIA. RODENTIA. CHEIROPTERA. 
+Didelphys. +Theridomys. +Paleonycteris. 
(Oxygomphius.) *+Archeomys. ? Vespertzlio. 
tA mphiperatherium. *+Issiodoromys. 
* Myoxus. CREODONTIA. 
PERISSODACTYLA. Cricetodon. vHyzenodon. 
*Tapirus, * Spermophilus. 
Aceratherium. Scirus. CARNIVORA VERA. 
*Rhinoceros. *Steneofiber. (Fissipedia.) 
(Diceratherium.) *t+Titanomys. +Cephalogale. 
? Macrotherium. *Amphicyon. 
INSECTIVORA. Stenogale. 
ARTIODACTYLA. * Talpa. {Plesictis. 
tAnthracotherium. *+ Geotrypus. Palzogale. 
{~Paleocherus. *t Echinogale. *Potamotherium. 
*+Amphitragulus. *Myogale. +Amphictis. 
tDremotherium. *+ Plestosorex. Viverra. 
+Cznotherium. Sorex. *Herpestes. 
{Plesiomeryx. *Dimylus. *Prozlurus. 
*+ Cordylodon. 
*+ Paleoerinaceus. 
* Erimaceus. 
At the first glance this fauna can be recognized as a descendant 
also of the Upper Eocene and Oligocene faunas. The same orders, 
and frequently also the same genera, are repeated in all three, and 
the percentage division of the particular orders shows also consider- 
able uniformity. In the absence of Lemurs, in the marked decline 
and final extinction of the Marsupials, Creodontia and Anoplotheride, 
in the much greater abundance of particular genera which were of 
only sporadic occurrence at an earlier period, such as Anthracotherium, 
1 The genera marked with * appear for the first time; those with + become extinct, 
and those marked *+ appear in the Lower Miocene and likewise die out in the same. - 
