462 Prof. K. A. von Zittel— On the Mammalia. 
abundance of species, form, by their gigantic dimensions and their 
great numbers, a highly characteristic element of the White-River 
fauna, and they are plainly descended from the Eocene Paleopsine. 
Amongst the Artiodactyla, the Oreodontide (Agriocherus, Oreodon), 
as regards their abundance, take the first place; they are also already 
represented in the Uinta beds by Protoreodon; in a like manner 
Poébrotherium and Gomphotherium show that they are progressive 
connecting links between the existing Camels and the Hocene 
Leptotragulide. The micro-fauna of the White-River beds is also 
closely connected with that of the Eocene; on the other hand, the 
genuine Carnivora, the Tragulide (Leptomeryx, Hypisodus, Hyper- 
tragulus), the remarkable cervine genus Protoceras, as also some 
genera which have probably migrated from Europe (Aceratherium, 
Ancodus, Hlotherium, Steneofiber, Hyaenodon), stand forth as new 
forms. It is evident that there was still intercourse between 
Europe and North America, but whilst in the Older Eocene the new 
world made a present of its superfluity to Hurope, in the Miocene 
period North America received a greater number of immigrants 
from Europe. 
IJ. In the Newer Miocene period the area of distribution of the 
terrestrial mammals in Hurope became notably extended. The 
district between the Alps and the Jura-plateau, heretofore covered 
by the sea, was now laid dry, or sprinkled over with fresh-water 
lakes and bogs; in the Vienna basin also the sea is receding, 
in the Alps (Stelermark) and on the Jura-plateau (Steinheim, 
Nordlingen, Georgensgmind) the depressions are filled up with 
fresh-water and contain the washed-in remains of Jand animals. 
A number of localities in the Rhone valley (Grive-St.-Alban), 
in Switzerland (Winterthur, Kapfnach, Elgg, Chaux - de - Fonds, 
Vermes), in Upper-Baden (Ciningen, Engelswies, Heudorf), on the 
Swabian - Bavarian high - plateau (Kirchberg, Ginzburg, Dinkel- 
scherben, Haeder, Dachau, Munich, Freising, Lower Bavaria), on 
the Jura-plateau, in the Vienna basin, Steiermark, Hungaria, Rou- 
mania, and Bessarabia contain the remains of land mammals, which 
also are again found to the west of the Central-plateau of France, in 
the former Aquitanian basin, now deserted by the sea (Sansan, 
Simorre, St. Gaudens), in Touraine and in the Orléanais, and they 
have also been discovered in Spain (San Isidro) and Algeria. Italy 
(Monte Bamboli) has at least yielded traces of the same. The 
Newer or Middle Miocene fauna consists of the following genera :!— 
PERISSODACTYLA. *Hycemoschus. RODENTIA. 
*;Anchitherium. (Dorcatherzum.) SCLUTUS. 
Tapirus. */Paleomeryx. Steneofiber. 
Aceratherium. * Procervulus. Cricetodon. 
Rhinoceros. *t Micromeryx. Myoxus. 
(Dihoplus.) */Dicroceras. * FLystrix. 
{Macrotherium. *t Protragoceras. *Myolagus. 
*Lagomys. 
ARTIODACTYLA. PROBOSCIDIA. 
*+Hyotherium. *Mastodon. INSECTIVORA. 
* Cherotheriun. *Dinotherium. Talpa. 
*+Listriodon, */Galerix. 
1 See note on p. 460. 
