THE 
GHOLOGICAL MAGAZINE. 
NEWER S.) DECADE: hy VOL. 
No. XI.—NOVEMBER, 1893. 
Oi EGE WAG, “AR CaS. 
eth oe 
J.—RestoraTIon or CoryPuHopoy. 
By Professor O. C. Marsu, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D., F.G.S., Ete. 
(PLATE XVIIL) 
HE genus Coryphodon, established by Owen in 1846, is of great 
importance alike to geologists and paleontologists. It repre- 
sents a remarkable group of large ungulate mammals now known 
to have lived both in America and Europe during early Eocene 
time. The remains are found in a distinct horizon, essentially the 
same in each continent. This horizon is so well marked that 
geologists may use it as a base for determining the age of other 
strata. The Coryphodont mammals themselves are of special interest 
to anatomists, owing to the primitive characters shown in the 
skeleton. Perhaps their greatest importance lies in the fact, that 
these large hoofed mammals make their appearance suddenly in 
great numbers at the base of the Tertiary, without a hint as to 
their ancestral line, and with only diminutive generalized forms for 
their Mesozoic predecessors. 
In Europe, Coryphodont remains, especially teeth, have been 
known under various names since the time of Cuvier, the first 
specimen, a molar tooth, having been found in 1807. All the 
remains since discovered there have likewise been fragmentary, 
and descriptions of them will be found in the works of Owen, 
Hébert, de Blainville, and more recent authors. A summary of the 
literature is given in the Paleontology of von Zittel, Volume IV. 
now in the press. 
The first specimen of Coryphodon discovered in America was found 
in 1871, near Evanstone, Wyoming, by William Cleburne, while 
engaged as surveyor for the Union Pacific Railroad. He secured 
various remains, chiefly teeth and vertebrae, which were found 
together, and apparently belonged to a single individual.. Some of 
these specimens he gave the same year to Prof. F. V. Hayden for 
transmission to Dr Joseph Leidy, who failed to receive them. They 
were subsequently described by Prof. EH. D. Cope under the new 
generic names Bathmodon and Loxolophodon.' Portions of the same 
skeleton, including both teeth and vertebra, were later given to 
the writer by Mr. Cleburne, and with them the above statement of 
1 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. xii. pp. 417 and 420, 1872. 
DECADE IJI.—VOL X.—NO. XI. 31 
