506 Prof. K. A. von Zittel—On the Mammaia. 
Bothrionys (N.) Mesomys. ;Wacrocyon (N.) 
Tretomys (N.) Carterodon. Arctotherium (N.) 
Ptyssophorus (N.) Dolichotis. NVasua (N.) 
Flolochilus (N.) Cavia. tAmphinasua (N.) 
Myopotamus. Microcavia. Lutra. 
Ctenomys. Cerodon. Mephitis (N.) 
|Dicelophorus. Hydrocherus. Lyncodon (N.) 
{Plateomys. Lagostomus. Felis (N.) 
| Pithanotomys. Lepus (N.) +Machairodus (N.) 
Schizodon. 
Loncheres. CARNIVORA. PRIMATES. 
Nelomys. (Fissipedia. ) Homo (N.) 
Canis (N.) 
If we compare the fauna of the Pampas formation with that now 
existing in South America, the large proportion of extinct species at 
once strikes the eye. In this respect it is further removed from that 
now living in South America than the Pliocene fauna of Kurope from 
its present descendants. On the other hand one finds, however, 
amongst the fossil animals of the Pampas a large number of still 
living species, which are altogether missing in the Pliocene of 
Europe. If we consider, with Ameghino, the Pampas formation 
as the equivalent of the Huropean Pliocene, we observe that its 
fauna possesses on the one side a more ancient, and on the other 
a more modern, character than that in Hurope; if, with Burmeister, 
Steinmann and others, we place it in the Pleistocene, it is 
distinguished in a remarkable manner from the Diluvial faunas of 
other parts of the world by the great number of extinct genera and 
species which are present in it. 
It would appear as if the Southern hemisphere required to be 
measured by a different standard than other places, for Australia 
also possesses in Bone-caves and in evidently late surface-deposits, 
generally attributed to the Pleistocene, an extinct fauna, which holds 
just the same relative position to that now living in that country 
as the Pampas fauna to that of modern South America. With the 
exception of a species of Dog (Canis dingo) the Pleistocene mammals 
of Australia belong to the Monotremata and Marsupials, and they 
are divided amongst the following genera :— 
+ Proechidna. + Thylacoleo. + Palorchestes. 
Perameles. Pseudochirus. + Triclis. 
Dasyurus. +Koalemus. +Synaptodus. 
Sarcophilus. +Archizonurus. +Diprotodon. 
Thylacinus. + Thylacopardus. + Nototherium. 
Bettongia. Macropus. Phascolomys. 
LE py prymnus. + Sthenurus. +Phascolonus. 
+Procoptodon. 
Here also the fossil extinct genera and species are distinguished 
by their remarkable size, and just as the Gravigradide and the 
Glyptodontide of the Pampas-beds stand out as giants in com- 
parison with the existing Sloths and Armadillos, so also the powerful 
Diprotodon, Nototherium, Phascolonus, Sthenurus, Procoptodon, Thyla- 
coleo and others present a similar contrast to their still existing 
Australian relatives. 
If there prevails in North and South America and in Australia 
ine 
