Prof. K. A. von Zittel—On the Mammalia. 507 
some uncertainty as to the boundary of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, 
the case is hardly different in Europe; for here also there is thrust in 
between the typical Pliocene fauna of the Arno-valley, of Auvergne, 
and of the neighbourhood of Montpellier, a peculiar pre-Glacial com- 
posite fauna, of which the most perfect remains lie buried in the 
so-called Forest-beds of Cromer, in Norfolk, in the sand and gravel 
deposits of Saint Prest (Hure-et-Loire), Chagny (Sadne-et-Loire), 
Durfort (Gard), in the clays of Leffe (Lombardy), at the Janiculus 
near Rome, and in other places in Italy. 
As characteristic species of this horizon may be considered the 
following :— 
Cervus elaphus. Sorex vulgaris. 
capreolus. 5 moschatus. 
Talpa Europea. 
Liquus ? Stenonis. 
ap caballus. Ae 
Rhinoceros etruscus. Antilope, sp. 
20 Mercki. Gazella anglica. Canis lupus. 
(Rhinoceros leptorhinus.) Bison, sp. ” vulpes. 
Lippopotamus major. Bos primigenius. Ursus arvermensis. 
Sus scrofa. Llephas meridionalis. nh Speleus. 
Cervus Sedgwick. A antiquus. ffy@na, sp. 
35 ver tiCor nts. ‘ ? primigenius.  Machairodus latidens. 
>»  polignacus. Castor fiber. 
mH CuUrycerUus. Trogontherium Cuviert. 
Of genuine Pliocene species this fauna contains only Llephas 
meridionalis, Rhinoceros etruscus, and Ursus arvernensis; only Cervus 
Sedgwicki and C. verticornis belong to it exclusively ; all the remain- 
ing species also occur in the genuine Older Diluvium (Pleistocene). 
PLEISTOCENE oR DrLuviuMm. 
The genuine Pleistocene fauna of the Huropean Diluvium contains 
about 110 species, whilst the mammalian fauna now living in Europe, 
including the introduced and domesticated forms, consists of about 
150 species. ! 
PERISSODACTYLA. Rangifer tarandus. RODENTIA. 
Liguus cabalius. Capra ibex. Arctomys marmotta. 
ne hemionus. a pyrenaica. ie Bobac. 
os asinus. ba hircus. Spermophilus guttatus. 
tRhinoceros (Cwlodonta) Antilope rupicapra. 35) TUfESCENS. 
antiquitatis. ES Sativa. » fulvus. 
+(=R. tichorhinus.) ie be ? Maileti. is citillus. 
+Rhinoceros Mercki. Ovts aries. Sciurus vulgaris. 
tElasmotherium Sibivicum. +  ,, tragelaphus. Myoxus glis. 
Ovibos moschatus a nitela. 
ARTIODACTYLA. tBos primigeniuus. Muscardinus avellanarius. 
Sus scrofa ferus. os taurus. Alactaga jaculus. 
| Aippopotamus major. +Bison priscus. + Trogontherium Cuviere. 
a Pentlandi. Castor fiber. 
Cervus elaphus. PROBOSCIDIA. Lystrix cristata. 
3) Canadensis. TElephas antiquus. Sminthus vagus. 
btw Fase CUrYCErUS. Thane Melitensis. Mus sylvaticus. 
ARR he Belerandi. liaise mnaidriensis. 5 ? musculus. 
Dp capreolus. sinnainse Falconeri. Cricetus vulgaris. 
2 dama. 7 wes primigenius. Arvicola amphibius. 
Alces palmatus. FA glareolus. 
1 In the following table only the species from the Mediterranean region are printed 
in thick type ; those with + are extinct. i 
