Reviews—W. H. Penning—NSouthern Transvaal. 521 
Merapnasta, type Spirifer pyxidata, Hall. WairrreLpEeLia Atrypa 
nitida, Hall. Hyarenna, type Athyris junia, Billings. Camaro- 
spina, type Camarophoria eucharis, Hall, for shells essentially 
meristoid, but differentiated by ‘greater convergence of dental 
plates which restrict the impression of the pedicle muscle to a 
distinct chamber or spondylium.” 
Prycnospira, type Terebratulata ferita, Von Buch. 
Hustepia, type Terebratula Mormoni, Marcou, from the Upper 
Carboniferous. The authors consider that various species from the 
Alpine Trias referred to Retzia by Bittner, are closely related to this 
genus. 
Parazyea (Aétrypa or Trematospira hirsuta), Hall. 
Anasta, type Anabia Paraia, Clarke. 
Cycnosprra, type Orthis bisulcata, Emmons. It is “closely allied 
by external form to Dayia navicula, but differs so widely in internal 
structure that the two species appear to be but remotely related to 
each other.” 
Prorozyea, type Atrypa exigua, of which the Zygospira aquila, 
Sardison, and Hallina Nicolleti, W. and 8., are synonyms. 
Carazyea is a subgenus founded on Athyris Headi, Billings, 
and in CLINTOoNELLA we have a genus based on a new species, 
C. vagabonda, from the Clinton group. 
Arrypina, type Leptocelia imbricata, Hall, from .the Yower 
Helderberg series, is an interesting genus including several small 
Atrypoids which foreshadow the Atrypas of the reticulated type of 
A. reticularis, to which the American paleeontologists would restrict 
that generic appellation. These seem to have been “not derivatives 
of the yoked spire-bearers Zygospira or Catazyga, but to have 
developed in a line essentially parallel with those genera,” and to 
have originated from a common ancestor (p. 111). 
Hence it is evident the authors suggest some interesting points 
for discussion, and throw further light on the evolution of the 
Brachiopoda by their careful studies of the spire-bearing group 
from the ancient rocks of America. The completion of their 
researches on the Rhynchonelloids and early Terebratuloids will be 
awaited with interest by all students of the Brachiopoda, who cannot 
fail to recognize the value of Professors Hall and Clarke’s laborious, 
painstaking, and most fruitful researches. 
Agnes CRANE. 
IiI.—Tur Grontocy or tHe Sournern Transvaan. By W. H. 
Pennine, F.G.S., etc. Svo. pp. 37. EH. Stanford (London, 
1893). 
HIS memoir has been prepared to accompany Mr. Penning’s 
Geological Map of the Transvaal Goldfields, published by E. 
Stanford, and based on the author’s researches, as given in detail in 
several papers in the Journ. Soc. Arts and Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 
in 1884-91. It unites the four gold-bearing localities, the De-Kaap 
and Lydenburg, the Rand and Klerksdorp, an area about 460 miles 
long, by 50 in breadth, comprising some 22,500 square miles. This 
