522 W. H. Penning—Southern Transvaal. 
has been geologically coloured, as correctly as circumstances have 
permitted, on an existing map; and it appears to carry out the 
author’s views (1) that the main gold-bearing rocks are siliceous 
deposits laid down as sandstones and conglomerates in water of 
some sort; (2) that, though folded in some places, they dip regularly 
downwards, at least near Johannesburg, and then for about 150 
miles they at first strike E., dipping S., then 8.E., dipping 8.W., 
then §., dipping W., and then westwardly with a northerly dip, to 
form one rim of the basin of which the northern rim is the Witwaters- 
rand; (38) that the beds are thus continuous underground from rim 
to rim, some series of beds varying in their persistency, and thus 
differing in their gold-bearing qualities; (4) that gold was deposited 
chemically from the water which moved and deposited the pebbles 
mainly constituting the “‘ bankets.” The thickness of the Witwaters- 
rand beds near Johannesburg (the lower part of the series) is estimated 
at about 17,000 feet; and, the outcrops being known in some cases, 
and the underground position and lie of the beds in others, calcula- 
tions can be made as to the probable extension and depth of the beds 
in the several mines and borings. 
Other features besides the “bankets” are succinctly treated of, 
with a personal knowledge of the geography and geology, the 
chief rivers, valleys, plateaux, and mountains being mentioned. 
Of the geological formations occurring in the Southern Transvaal, 
besides (1) Recent Alluvium, (2) the River-gravels of the present 
streams, and (3) those of the older valley-systems, the following 
are indicated on the Map, in downward succession: (4) the High- 
Veldt Beds, in the lower part of which are coal-seams of some 
value exposed in the valleys; (5) the Kimberley Beds; (6) Bedded 
felspathic Trap-rocks ; (7) Upper Witwatersrand Beds; (8) ? Bedded 
felspathic Trap-rocks ; (9) Lower Witwatersrand Beds, or ‘‘ Banket” 
formation ; (10) De-Kaap Valley’ Beds; (11) Granite and Granitic 
Rocks. 
The De-Kaap rocks near Barberton, at 8 sections, are first 
described; the Lower Witwatersrand rocks at 29 sections, those 
of the Upper series at 11 sections; and others are referred to. 
The much faulted area of the Lower series at Leopard’s Vlei is 
shown by a plan at page 21. A separate plan of the Witwatersrand 
Goldfield, on a scale of 10 miles to 13 inches, is given on the Map. 
The thick limestone (dolomite?) into which the Mooi River 
burrows at Wonderfontein seems to be included in the Upper 
Witwatersrand series, and some particulars of its character and 
range would have been of interest to geologists. 
The Kimberley Beds and the coal-bearing beds of the High-Veldt 
formation are briefly noticed, with accounts of two sections (Boksburg 
and Brakpan), and reference to former papers on the subject. Some 
remarks on the well-known great denudation of the country and 
its alluvial deposits are appended. 
1 The Valley of the De-Kaap River is here intended; and:that better name is 
retained by the author once, at page 26, as in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. 
xli. 1885, pp. 569, etc., and vol. xlvii. 1891, pp. 451, etc., pl. 15. 
