58 /. B. TYRRELL 



Hydraulic operations have exposed excellent sections of bowlder 

 clay in a number of places, and there is only one bowlder clay, 

 namely that of the valley glaciers. I am quite satisfied that the only 

 glaciation that has ever prevailed in this country was the local gla- 

 ciation from the adjoining mountains. 



After spending a few days in the district we returned west- 

 ward along the wagon road to Quesnel. This road follows the 

 bottom of the valley of Lightning Creek Valley for 15 miles or 

 more, then crosses a sand and gravel plain, after which it descends 

 into the valley of Cottonwood River. . In this distance very little 

 rock is exposed, and there is but little evidence of glaciation, 

 except one or two local moraines. On Cottonwood River, near 

 the bridge, basic igneous rocks occur, probably cutting the Ohgo- 

 cene conglomerates, but I was unable to find any evidence of 

 glaciation on them. 



Five or six miles farther west the road crosses a lumpy moraine 

 dotted with small lakes, and a short distance farther west it skirts 

 a low rounded hill of porphyritic red granite, the surface of which 

 shows strong glacial markings running N. 15° W., the direction 

 being clearly indicated by the rounded stoss and broken lee sides 

 of the knolls. As seen from this hill the view to the southward 

 is up the wide valley of the Quesnel River, and it is evident that 

 the glacier which formed the markings on the rock descended 

 this valley. The moraine just crossed was also doubtless formed 

 by the same glacier. Though a careful examination was made of 

 the exposed rock no scoring or polishing, other than that caused 

 by the one glacier, could be found. From this rocky hill, which 

 is at an elevation of 3,200 feet above the sea, our course was west- 

 ward for about 14 miles to the village of Quesnel on the east bank 

 of Fraser River. Throughout this distance no rock was seen, the 

 surface being mostly composed of sand and gravel arranged in wide 

 terraces, though bowlder clay was occasionally recognized. 



Fraser River itself, between Prince George and Quesnel, is 

 a large stream which has cut out a winding, gorgelike valley. 

 Above Quesnel as far as Cottonwood Canyon the banks are 

 steep, often almost vertical, and are composed of horizontally 

 stratified conglomerate and soft sandstones of Miocene ( ?) age. 



