SALIENT FEATURES OF THE GEOLOGY OF OREGON 103 



(E. pacificus) from this locality are in the Condon Museum at the 

 University of Oregon. A flamingo is perhaps the most striking 

 feature of this fauna. Schufeldt thought that these deposits were 

 of Pliocene age, but Osburn and others have shown that they must 

 be early Pleistocene. 



Above the Columbia lava and the Satsop is the great pile of 

 more recent lavas in the Cascade Range which have been found to 

 be predominantly andesitic. A part of this series of several thou- 

 sand feet of thickness is undoubtedly Pleistocene, but the lowest 

 portion may be Pliocene and the upper portion may be Recent. 

 These lavas make up the bulk of the several more or less eroded 

 cones, such as Hood, Jefferson, Three Sisters, and McLoughlin, 

 which rest upon the Cascade basaltic lava plateau. 



No comprehensive article or book has been devoted to the 

 subject of glaciation in Oregon, and very few papers of any kind 

 have discussed it. On the highest mountains in the state, in the 

 Wallowa Mountains and the Cascades, there are mere remnants of 

 one-time large glaciers, and these are relatively unimportant. We 

 have never seen a catalogue of the glaciers in Oregon and do not 

 know exactly how many there are. In the Wallowa Mountains 

 there is only one glacier of any consequence, and it is not large. 

 On Mount Hood there are eight, on Jefferson four, and on Three 

 Sisters eleven. How many there are on Mount Washington is not 

 known. Mount McLoughlin is too far south, we believe, and not 

 of sufficient height to have much ice upon it. 



Though the existing glaciers are small in Oregon (the largest, 

 Collier Glacier on the Sisters, being not over a mile in length) they 

 were once much more extensive, for their despoits are found at 

 much lower elevations. 



Every class of glacial deposit characteristic of alpine glaciers 

 can be found within the hmits of the state. The largest moraine 

 the writers have seen is the lateral moraine on the east side of 

 Wallowa Lake in the extreme northeastern part of the state. This 

 is about six miles long, one-fourth of a mile wide, and between 

 six and seven hundred feet high. It is fivefold at its lower end. 



Perhaps the most interesting and at the same time most puzzling 

 phenomenon connected with the subject of glaciation in Oregon is 



