88 Herieirs — TF. 31. Comcay — Karalioram-Shnalayns. 



Suess, and gives many diagrams to explain that of the latter. The 

 thorough acquaintance with geographical and geological literature, 

 which Prof. Penck's writings always show, enables him to treat this 

 part of the subject most exhaustively and completely. It is, more- 

 over, surprisingly well up to date : for example, Bertrand's recent 

 paper contending for the persistence of lines of dislocation is 

 noticed (and adversely criticised), and Heim's recent description 

 of Pleistocene earth movements in the Alps is included, though 

 these and others were issued only in 1894. The summaries of 

 literature and the collections of local geographical terms are 

 extremely useful. In most things the author is very advanced, 

 but in glacial matters he is strongly conservative : he attributes to 

 ice great erosive power, and thinks that both cirques and rock -basins 

 have been formed by it, and maintains the existence and action of 

 ground-moraines. The two most valuable sections in this part 

 of the book are those describing the distribution, origin, and 

 classification of basins and mountains. It is in reference to these 

 that the works of Suess and Kichthofen have had the greatest 

 influence, and where an authoritative statement of the present 

 position of the subject is of most service. The origin of many 

 of the greatest basins is not yet fully settled : thus, in reference 

 to the Caspian, Sjogren's recent explanation of this as a synclinal 

 fold disputes Suess's view that it is a " Senkungsfeld " or area of 

 subsidence. 



The last part of the book is entitled " The Sea." It describes the 

 action of the sea by coast erosion, tides, and currents, and by floating 

 ice ; it also describes the formation of deltas, mangrove swamps, 

 and coral reefs ; it classifies coast-lines, and shows how these have 

 varied both by the rising or falling of the land and by variation in 

 the level of the surface of the sea. Finally comes a description of 

 the sea-floor and a classification of islands. An admirable index 

 of authors and subjects renders the vast number of references to 

 literature in the volumes readily accessible. 



The work is not one which can be easily summarized, for it is 

 encyclopaedic in its detailed summary of facts and classification. It 

 is a book of reference which is indispensable in every geographical 

 and geological library. J. W. G. 



II. — Climbing and Explorations in the Kakakoeam-Himalayas. 

 By W. M. Conway. Supplementary volume containing Scientific 

 Eeports by Prof. Bonney, Dr. Butlek, W. M. Conway, W. L. 

 H. Duckworth, Lt.-Col. Durand, W. B. Hemsley, W. F. Kirby, 

 Miss Raisin, and Prof. Eoy. 8vo. pp. 127, with Frontispiece 

 Portrait of the Author, and 2 Coloured Maps. (London : Fisher 

 Unwin, 1894.) 



THIS Supplement to Mr. Conway's Exploration in the Himalayas, 

 contains the scientific results of his expedition. The first of 

 these is an account of the Eastern Hindu Kush, by Lt.-Col. Durand, 

 who gives an interesting account of the people of this country, 

 especially of Chitral, or " the land of mirth and murder," as he 



