132 Reviews — Sir A. Geikie's Memoir of Ramsay. 



conrlition. The cubic contents of the brain-case are estimated to have 

 been approximately 1000 cubic centimetres, so that in this respect 

 the fossil would appear to come about midway between the skulls of 

 Man and the Gorilla. This calculation is to a large extent con- 

 jectural, since the whole of the lower portion of the brain-case is 

 wanting. 



The tooth, which is a third upper molar, is considered by the 

 author to indicate that the jaws, though having to some extent been 

 reduced, were of the type found in the Gibbons and Chimpanzee, 

 but the evidence is quite insufficient to support such conclusions. 

 This specimen is almost certainly human, the last upper molar in 

 man being a somewhat variable structure. 



The femur is without doubt human, since it agrees both in size and 

 in all important structural characters with that of a man of medium 

 height. It is not quite normal, but has on the inner side of the 

 shaft near the upper end a considerable irregular outgrowth of bone, 

 which may be, as the author suggests, the result of a wound, or of 

 some pathological condition. The photograph shows that the whole 

 surface of the femur is rough, but, as in the case of the skull, this 

 may be the result oi post-mortem changes. 



That the remains described are those of a man suffering from 

 disease which caused the sutures of the skull to close prematurely, 

 giving rise to a microcephalous condition, and led to the irregular 

 outgrowths of bone on the femur, is almost certain, and at any rate 

 is an explanation of the facts that must be disposed of before the 

 author's conclusions can be accepted. C. W. A. 



11. — Memoir of Sir Andrew Crombie Eamsat. By Sir Archibald 

 Geikie, F.R.S., Director- General of the Geological Survey of 

 Great Britain. 8vo. pp. xi. and 397, with 13 Portraits. 

 (London : Macmillan and Co. Price, 12s. 6d. net.) 



THOSE w^ho have read the Lives of Edward Forbes and of 

 Murchison will have looked forward with keen interest to 

 the appearance of this volume, written as it is by one so deft in 

 the art of biography. Although nigh half an ordinary lifc'time 

 has passed since the first of these Memoirs was published, our 

 author comes again before us with the same enthusiasm in his 

 work, with the same sympathy for his hero ; and fitting together 

 his materials in the same masterly way, he has given us an admir- 

 able portraiture of Eamsay and of many of his associates. Leaving 

 that genial geologist to tell his own personal experiences the author 

 has enriched the pages with picturesque descriptions, with explana- 

 tory notes, and not a few touches of humour. 



Ramsay was best known to the scientific public through his long 

 connection with the Geological Survey, and as Professor of Geology 

 at University College, London, and afterwards at the School of 

 Mines. A master in the broader questions of stratigraphy and 

 physical geology he was a clear exponent of facts, while his original 

 and often bold theories, expressed both in lectures and in writings, 



