156 R M. Deeley and G. Fletcher — Structure of Glacier-Ice. 



neve, in others, even at right angles to it. Forbes, in his occasional 

 papers on the theory of glaciers, gives admirable descriptions of the 

 disposition and coarser features of the veined structure, but his 

 treatment of its minuter structure is by no means clear or satis- 

 factory. Our first acquaintance with it was in the Bondhus Glacier 

 which descends from the Folgefond in Norway. Here we found 



Fig. 1. (Scale |) Striated ice-crystals in the ice-cave of the Ehone Glacier. 



that the veining resulted partly from the arrangement of the crystal 

 grains, partly from a variation of the shape of the grains, and 

 partly from variations in their dimensions. Further acquaintance 

 with the phenomenon served to convince us of the truth of this. 

 In the artificial cave cut in the foot of the Obergrindelwald Glacier, 

 the veining, or the structure which, on weathering, produces veining, 



Fig. 2. (f) Structure of ice in the grotto at foot of Obergrindelwald Glacier. 

 The section is vertical and at right angles to the direction of flow. 



is beautifully shown. At the end of the cave is a pillar of ice 

 in situ, behind which is placed a light to enable the structure 

 to be seen. Figure 2 is a sketch of a portion of the ice of this 

 pillar. Figure 3, showing a slice from the ice-cave of the Khone 

 Glacier, also exhibits the structure. It will be seen that most of 



