268 T. C. Cantrill — Keuper Outlier near Kiddermimier. 



separation, the change being signalized by a finer texture, softer 

 nature, and brighter colour. 



The Upper Bunter Sandstone [f 3] is a bright brick-red coloured 

 sandstone, very fine-grained, soft, and altogether devoid of pebbles 

 or fragments larger than the rest of the grains. It is normally 

 thin-bedded, and fissile. If mica flakes occur, they are so small as 

 to be almost invisible to the naked eye. The whole mass is 

 practically homogeneous from top to bottom. 



It should perhaps be stated that no fossils occur in any of these 

 beds, whether Keuper or Bunter, in the district under considera.tiou. 

 Having given some account of the Keuper and Bunter beds of the 

 main escarpment, we will now compare them with the rooks of 

 Bissell Hill, taking the chief exposures in order, beginning at the 

 north-east end of the outlier scarp. 



1. Just outside the wood, on a rough, uncultivated patch of ground, 

 at the bottom is seen typical Bunter in situ, and two feet higher 

 coarse dull-red Keuper Sandstone, also in situ. By removing the 

 turf in between, the Keuper is seen to grow finer, and then to 

 abruptly pass into Bunter without any other change than that of 

 colour. About three yards to the right, by digging, a few rolled 

 fragments of red marl are found to occur at the junction. 



2. Entering the wood, just in the angle, we find similar Keuper 

 beds about 18 feet above the junction just described. 



3. A few yards farther on, and close up to the hedge, is a con- 

 spicuous rock-face, and old debris cones, overgrown with hei'bage 

 and sturdy trees, lie in front. 



The section here is as follows, in descending order : — • 



Section at the East Quarry. ft. in. 



1. Cornstone 10 



2. Sandstone, hard, calcareous, greyish-red 6 



3. Marl, friable, chocolate -colonred 30 



4. Sandstone, thick-bedded, soft, coarse, and red, passing into 5 .... 10 



5. Sandstone, hard, highly calcareous 3 



6. Shale, thinly laminated, soft, micaceous, and sandy, red-coloured . . 10 



7. Grit, calcareous 10 



16 9 



Notes on the ahove Section. 



The beds 4 and 7 contain, irregularly distributed throughout the 

 mass, small dark-coloured hard spheroids, about half an inch in 

 diameter, and some smaller, formed by the grains of sand being 

 cemented together by calcium carbonate and a manganese compound, 

 probably the black oxide, MnOj. These nodules being harder, 

 stand out on the face of the rock, and are conspicuous by their 

 darker hue. They effervesce with dilute HCl, and are highly 

 charged with manganese ; a fragment treated by Hoppe-Seyler's 

 test,i giving a bright pink colour due to permanganic acid. An 

 apparently similar phenomenon was described by A. Norman Tate, 

 F.C.S., to the Liverpool Geological Society in 1863, as occurring in 



^ See Fresenius, Qual. Chem. Analysis, edited by Groves, tenth edition, p. 122. 



