V 

 Palceozoic Air-Breathing Animals. 275 



p. 209, pi. ix. Described and figured in Dawson's " Air-breatherg 

 of the Coal-period," 1863, pp. 5-7, pi. i, figs. 1, la; and "Acadian 

 Geology," 1868, pp. 328, 359). 



In 1851 several relics of some small animals of the Batrachian 

 kind (Amphibia), Dendrerpeton Acndianum, etc., were discovered by 

 Dawson and Lyell in what had been the hollow stump of a tree 

 in the coal-growth of Carboniferous times, at the South Joggins, 

 Nova Scotia (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vols, ix and x, " Acadian 

 Geology," p. 362, etc., and " Air-breathers of the Coal-period," 

 pp. 17-31, pi. iii). Other congeneric forms also were found under 

 similar conditions in the same locality. 



The first announcement of the discovery of fossil Insects in 

 America was that by Hartt of the finding of four kinds of insect 

 wings in the "Fern Ledges" of the Little-River Group of the 

 Devonian (Erian) strata at St. John, New Brunswick, in 1862 

 ("Canadian Naturalist," new series, vol. iii, 1867, p. 205), 



Insects had previously been found in the Carboniferous strata of 

 Europe, and have since been traced back to the Silurian of France 

 (PalcBohlattina, Brong.). 



A valuable digest of the Fossil Insects of North America, so far 

 as then known, was communicated in 1868 by Mr. Scudder to the 

 Geological Magazine, Vol. V, pp. 172-177, and pp. 216-222; and 

 his well-known " Fossil insects of North America, with Notes on 

 some European species," was reviewed in the Geol. Mag. Dec. Ill, 

 Vol. VIII, pp. 280-282, and Vol. IX, pp. 128-132. 



The earliest known Carboniferous Millipede is the Xylohius 

 sigillari(B, discovered by Sir W. Dawson in Nova Scotia in 1858; 

 see Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xvi, p. 271, Numerous other 

 species of Millipedes have been found in the Devonian and 

 Carboniferous of Europe and America. 



Of the Arachnidans, both spiders and scorpions, or animals related 

 to them, have been found in the Palaeozoic strata of Europe and 

 America, The scorpions are the most ancient group of the Arachnida, 

 being represented in the Silurian rocks of Gotland and Scotland 

 {Palceophoniis) and North America (Proscorpius). 



The first known (Carboniferous) Land-shell was discovered by 

 Dr. Wyman and Sir C Lyell in 1851 (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 

 vol. ix, 1852, p, 60, pi. iv), among the contents of one of the fossil 

 tree-stumps, with Dendrerpeton from the South Joggins, Land- 

 shells have been met with also in the Devonian plant-beds of New 

 Brunswick (St, John), and in some coal-regions of America. 



Thus in Canada have been discovered of Palaeozoic air-breathers : — 



1. Vertebrata, 26 species; all Amphibia. 



2. Arthropoda, 33 species ; Insects, Scorpions, Myriapods. 



3. Mollusca, 5 species ; Pulmonate Snails. 



Of all the above the author gives a sj'^stematic account, v^^ith 

 references to memoirs and books, and with the geological stages and 

 the localities. Of group No, 1 there are nine genera of recognizable 

 Microsaurian Amphibia; namely, Hylonomus, Smilerpeton (gen. uov.), 



