B. Bell — The Great Ice Age and Submergence. 351 



from its neighbours (where it was separated) by only very narrow 

 ridges of land. 



Mr. Jack, at least, believed that " the shelly Till was produced 

 by a glacier which had its gathering ground partly in the region 

 drained by the Fillan " ; because " a glacier nourished solely in the 

 Lochloraond valley could not have climbed the rising ground 

 between the Leven and the Endrick to the height (320 feet) to 

 which the shells have been traced." This seems undeniable. 



We ask, then — If this second glaciation did not utterly destroy 

 and carry away out of sight the marine shells taken up from the 

 comparatively limited area of Lochlomond, but left abundant traces 

 of them within a few miles of the loch, what reason is there for 

 holding that it — or any similar glaciation — would make a " clean 

 sweep " of all relics of marine life from every bay and inlet, ravine 

 and vallej'^ all over the country, that would be occupied by the 

 sea during the supposed submergence of over 500 feet? 



We accordingly claim this Stratbendrick shelly Till as a strong 

 corroboration, and indeed a practical proof, of our contention that 

 had there been such a submergence, the "Upper Boulder-clay," held 

 to be due to a succeeding glaciation, would undoubtedly, as a rule, 

 be charged more or less abundantly with marine organic remains — 

 Q. E. D. 



IV. The Clava "Shell-Bed." 



From what has been said, it appears that the absence of all traces 

 of the sea at a similar level, and at many approximate levels, all 

 round the country, and the absence of relics of marine life, more 

 or less abundant, in the Upper (or supposed post-submei'gence) 

 Boulder-clay, are insuperable difficulties against accepting the alleged 

 submergence of 500 to 600 leet — that is to say, difficulties which 

 have resisted all attempts to explain them away. 



The difficulties against the ice-transport theory, on the other hand, 

 must be shown to be greater than those against the submergence 

 theory, before we can be asked to accept the latter as in any degree 

 a satisfactory account of the phenomena. 



Now let us take this special instance of Clava. There are several 

 points connected with it which seem to require careful consideration. 

 It may conduce to clearness if we here repeat the section — 

 Above Sea. Feet. 



666 feet. Surface soil and upper light-brown Boulder-clay ; many of the 



stones striated 43 



523 feet. Fine yellowish-brown sand, very compact ; a few very small stones 20 

 503 feet. Dark-blue or grey shelly clay, slightly bedded, very little sand 



or gravel ; almost free from stones, except in lower part . . 16 

 487 feet. Coarse gravel and sand, and brown stony clay. (Lower Till, 



partially reasserted ?) 36|- 



450 feet. Eock, gritty Old E.ed Sandstone 



We quote the following summary from the carefully written "Note" 

 of the minority : — 



" The ice-transport theory, therefore (whatever difficulty may attach to it), has 

 at least this point in its favour, that the deposit is quite in the track of ice which 

 would almost certainly pass over part of a former sea-bed in its progress. It has 



