374 Reports and Proceedings — Oeological Society of London. 



the similarity of the matrix of the Chalky Clay to the material of 

 the older deposits of the neighbourhood. The author maintains 

 that the contents of the Clay indicate movement of material from 

 west to east in some places, as shown by Jurassic fossils in the East 

 Anglian Chalky Clay, and from east to west in others: in fact, that 

 movement took place in spoi'adic lines diverging from the Wash 

 and the Fens. He appeals to the amount of disintegration that has 

 taken place to furnish the material for the Clay, the shape of the 

 stones in the Clay, and the distribution of the Clay itself, as evidence 

 against the action of land-ice or icebergs, maintaining that there is 

 no evidence of submergence at the time the Clay was formed ; and 

 criticizes the attempts made to explain the formation of the Clay by 

 water produced by the melting of ice. 



The author believes that the denudation of the Fen country which 

 produced the great mass of the Chalk Clay with most of its boulders 

 was coincident with and caused by the bending and folding of the 

 Chalk of Eastern England, which took place after the deposition of 

 tlie Crag beds, and that during the period of folding a gi'eat depres- 

 sion was formed round the Wash, into which the water rushed from 

 the North carrying debris and mixing it with clays ; this, rushing 

 into what was virtually a cul-de-sac, dispersed and scattered its load 

 in all directions. 



4, " On the Occurrence of SpiVoriis-Limestone and thin Coals in 

 the so-called Permian Rocks of Wyre Forest ; with considerations 

 as to the Systematic Position of the ' Permians ' of Salopian type." 

 By T. Crosbee Cantrill, Esq., B.Sc. Lond. (Communicated by 

 Walcot Gibson, Esq., F.G.S.) 



In South Staffordshire a thick series of red rocks — the so-called 

 Lower Permian — overlies the ordinary yellow and gray Coal- 

 measures, and underlies the Triassic rocks. They consist of 

 sandstones, mai'ls, calcareous conglomerates, and breccias, having 

 a general red or purplish-red colour. 



Since Jukes' work was published, fresh sinkings have shown 

 that these red rocks must be regarded as of Upper Coal-measure 

 age, because their included fossils have an Upper Coal-measure 

 fades. The rocks contain bands of limestone characterized by the 

 jaresence of Spirorbis piisillus : those parts of the series which have 

 not yielded Coal-measure fossils are apparently similar lithologically 

 to those which have yielded them ; there is no stratigraphical break 

 between the fossiliferous and unfossiliferous parts of the red series, 

 and the only marked breaks are at the base and summit of the 

 series, the break at the base being locally great but elsewhere 

 practically imperceptible. 



The evidence furnished by the deposits of the Forest of Wyre 

 (=:Enville) district also leads the author to regard the red rocks 

 associated with Sptrorbis-limestone and coals as Upper Coal-measures, 

 exhibiting a gradual passing away of Coal-measure conditions and the 

 in- coming of those of New Ked Sandstone times; and these passage- 

 beds must be regarded as much nearer the Coal-measure than the 

 Permo-Triassic end of the transitional period. 



