474 Notices of Memoirs — Garwood & Marr — On Carboniferous. 



in possessing very massive symphysial portions in the mandibles 

 with sockets apparently for the reception of teeth, as in Titanichthys. 



Of the two last-named genera only the jaws are yet known with 

 exactness. Other portions have been found of Gorgonichthys, but 

 are still embedded in the matrix. So far as can at present be 

 determined, all the four are closelj' allied to Coccodeus, and belong 

 to the same family. 



The set of casts exhibited in illustration of the fossils has been 

 prepared by their discoverer, Dr. William Clark, and faithfully 

 represents the originals, of many of which only single specimens 

 are yet known. The labour of extricating them from the pyritous 

 shale has proved very heavy, and much yet remains to be done in 

 this direction. 



VI. — Zonal Division of the Carbonifeeoits System. By E. J. 



Garwood, M.A., F.G.S., and J. E. Marr, M.A., F.R.S. 

 rpHE authors call attention to previous attempts which have been 

 I made to divide the Carboniferous rocks into zones, noting the 

 zonal divisions of the Lower Cai'boniferous rocks of North England 

 established by De Koninck and Lohest, and the view expressed by 

 "W'aagen that fuller work will enable geologists to define a sei'ies of 

 zones in the Carboniferous as in older and newer strata. 



The detailed work of one of the authors (Mr. Garwood) leads 

 them to suppose that the following zones occur in the Lower 

 Carboniferous beds of the northern part of the Pennine Chain and 

 adjoining regions : — 



Zone of Productus cf. Edelburgensis. 

 „ P. latissimus. 

 „ P. giganteus. 

 ,, Chonetes papilionacea. 

 ,, Spirifera octoplicata. 

 Mr. Garwood has traced the zone of Productus latissimus occu- 

 pying the same relative position to that of P. giganteus, from Settle, 

 in Yorkshire, to the Northumbrian coast, near Howick Burn. 



The authors believe that brachiopods and goniatites will furnish 

 good results, if a detailed study of their distribution be made ; and 

 they suggest that a committee be appointed to inquire into the 

 possibility of dividing the Carboniferous rocks into zones, to call 

 the attention of local observers to the desirability of collecting 

 fossils with this view, and, if possible, to retain the services of 

 eminent specialists, to whom these fossils may be submitted. 



VII. — Probable Extension of the Seas during Upper Tertiary 



Times in Western Europe. By G. F. Dollfus. 

 TB'^AKING into consideration the position and nature of all the 

 J outliers of Upper Tertiary age, the author is led to the following 

 conclusions as to the extension of the Neogenic seas in Western 

 Europe. During Miocene times England was united to France, 

 and we have proof of the existence of two seas in the western 

 part of Europe : one on the east extended over part of Belgium 

 (Bolderian system), Holland, and north of Germany — probably 



