Mevmvs — PrestwicJi's Water-hearing Strata. 521 



followed by an v;plaeaval of the land, at the close of the Glacial 

 period. 



Reviewing the observations formerly made by Pareto, De la 

 Marmora, himself, and others at places on the Italian coast and 

 islands. Prof. Capellini gives the result of his visits to the cave 

 called Gala Grande, in Palmaria, meeting with the characteristic 

 Rubble-drift strongly developed. He adds some interesting details 

 of the discoveries made of late years in the breccia at the Grotta dei 

 Colombi, between the headlands of Pittonetto and Capo dell' Isola, 

 in Palmaria. 



In 1863 Prof Capellini had seen this Rubble-drift lying on the 

 local limestone, as a coarse breccia of limestones, jaspers, etc., at 

 Calandrella, between Pertusola and Santa Teresa ; but had regarded 

 it as belonging to the Triassic. Also other coarse breccia near Santa 

 Teresa, Pitelli, and Santa Terenzo. These corrections will be made 

 in the explanation of the geological map of the environs of Spezzia. 



On the east side of the Gulf of Spezzia he has defined the limits 

 and height of the Rubble-drift, in connection with the small masses 

 of ossiferous breccia of Monte Rocchetta ; and he finds that it covers 

 the highest parts of the Isle of Palmaria or southern extremity of 

 the west side of the Gulf. The range on the east side was probably 

 submerged for more than 200 metres of its present height at 

 the end of the Palaeolithic period. 



Much is to be expected from a close examination of this Rubble- 

 drift on the Italian coasts and islands, in connection with the 

 numerous caves and bone-bearing breccias. Prof. Capellini fully 

 adopts Prestwich's views as to the nature and origin of the Rubble- 

 drift ; and points out that it is probably the same singular deposit 

 of which several geologists have noticed traces on the coasts of the 

 Mediterranean, and of which Professor Issel (treating of the Raised 

 Beach between Arenzano and Cogoleto) has well remarked that 

 "one could include it neither among the alluviums, nor among the 

 marine Quaternary deposits." 



VII. — A Geological Enquiry kespecting the Water-bearing 

 Strata of the Country around London. By Joseph 

 Prestwigh, F.G.S., etc. 8vo. (London : Gurney and Jackson, 

 1851-1895.) 



AT the time of the first publication of this work, the Lower Green- 

 sand was regarded as underlying London, and as a possible 

 source of water-supply. Subsequently, however, the deep boring 

 by the New River Company at Camden Town proved the contrar3\ 

 A large plate accompanied a partial issue of this book, but was 

 accidentally destroyed, and the rest of the printed sheets remained 

 on hand. Since that time it has been proved that the Palaeozoic 

 ridge beneath London is limited in its extent both eastwards and 

 westwards ; and that the outcrop of the Lower Greensand is wide 

 enough to receive sufficient rainfall to allow of its yielding a good 

 water-supply. On the west, favourable localities are near Leather- 

 head and Windsor, and in the Godalming and Hindhead district as 



