16 JAMES PERRIN SMITH 
Timor, to Madagascar on the south; from India on the west, 
through the Tethys to southeastern Siberia, to the Great Basin Sea 
of western America. It is not known in the Mediterranean region, 
nor in South America, Africa, nor Australia. Its genera and 
species are closely related in all the regions mentioned, so that an 
intimate connection between those regions is certain. It would 
seem probable that at this time there was a barrier between the 
Poseidon Ocean and the Pacific, and between the Mediterranean 
and the Oriental Tethys. It is certain that there was a connection 
between the North Pacific and the Arctic Ocean, and that the 
Great Basin Sea opened into the North Pacific. It is equally cer- 
tain that the North Pacific was connected with the Oriental Tethys 
through the Archipelago north of Australia, this narrow sea extend- 
ing westward to India, and southward in a great geosyncline to 
Madagascar. 
The distribution of the Meekoceras fauna rivals, and even sur- 
passes, that of the Avzetites fauna of the Lias. Truly, this speaks 
for remarkably uniform conditions in the sea of that time, but 
whether warm, temperate, or cold we cannot say, for we know noth- 
ing of the corals in the sea, nor of the land plants, which might give 
us some indication of the temperature. 
THE TIROLITES FAUNA 
The Tirolites fauna has long been known in the Mediterranean 
region, where it was formerly supposed to be the only one. It is 
especially characterized by the abundance of the genus 77rolites, 
which until recently was supposed to be confined to this region. 
In recent years the writer’ has described the occurrence of the 
Tirolites fauna in southeastern Idaho, with Tirolites cf. cassianus 
Quenstedt, 7. cf. hauert Mojsisovics, T. cf. smirtagini Mojsisovics, 
Dalmatites cf. morlaccus Kittl, Dinarites sp. nov., etc. 
This fauna is of decidedly Mediterranean character, and unlike 
anything known elsewhere, though Diener and von Krafft have 
described a single species of Tirolites from the Lower Triassic of 
India. The close relationship of the T7rolites fauna of Idaho with 
t Festschrift—Adolf von Koenen (1907), The Stratigraphy of the Western American 
Trias, 398-99. 
