OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS ON JOINT PLANES 57 
The axis of the small anticline probably lies just south of the mouth 
of Taughannock Creek and the axis of the corresponding syncline 
about half-way between the mouths of Taughannock and Willow 
creeks. This fold is present on the eastern side of the lake but its 
axes were not determined there. 
In the Inlet Valley the Watkins anticline is similar to the fold 
just described. It is represented by nearly horizontal rocks on the 
northern limb and inclined rocks on the southern limb. Further 
west, at Seneca Lake, the fold is stronger, with northward dips in 
the northern limb. South of the Enfield syncline is a strong anti- 
cline which reverses the dip. 
In the area studied, therefore, there are three anticlines and 
three synclines with the Shurger Point fold the most strongly 
developed. The other two folds are represented by changes in the 
inclination of the beds without reversal of dip on each limb of the 
larger fold. 
The dips of these low folds in southern New York range from 
o to ro and are usually small. Though weak, the folds are per- 
sistent and are nearly parallel to the high mountain folds south of 
the Pennsylvania line. There seems no reason to doubt Kindle’s 
conclusion that they were formed during the Appalachian Revo- 
lution. No folds of any other date are known here, so that the 
structure is comparatively simple. Broad warpings like that 
described by M. R. Campbell* apparently have not affected the 
problem of the joint planes. 
FAULTING 
Kindle? described a few small faults of variable character in the 
Watkins Glen-Catatonk quadrangles. G. C. Matson’ mentioned 
several cases of movement along bedding planes and minor thrust 
faulting. He found that the dikes which cross some of these slip- 
ping planes were displaced, the maximum displacement given being 
two feet. 
The ordinary type of faulting in this region is nearly horizontal 
t Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., XIV (1903), 277-96. 
2 Folio 169, p. 15; field edition, p. 108. 
3 Jour. Geol., XIII, No. 3 (1905), 264-75. 
