86 PETROLOGICAL ABSTRACTS AND REVIEWS 
the older volcanoes, and Puy de Dome and Puy de Sarcouy are typical. 
In modern times it is rare, the cone Georgious on Santorin being the only 
one known to form in historic times. 
“Belonites” have much greater height than base. They are easily 
destroyed, consequently few remain, Pelée being the only one recently 
formed. 
“Konides” are related to Tholoides in having an intermediate base 
relative to height. The flanks are always concave upward and the 
material is chiefly klasmatitic, though much is rheumatitic. In many 
cases there is a crater on the peak. It is the type of most recent volcanoes 
and Fujiyama is a good example. 
“‘Homates”’ are characterized by an increase in base and a decrease in 
height but on the whole they are small in their dimensions. They all 
surround a crater with the slopes inside and outside about equal and 
concave upward. The material is usually klasmatitic. Many recent 
volcanoes are of this type and many such cones occur on, or in, the 
craters of konides. Monte Nuovo, Hverfjell in Iceland, and some of 
the piperno volcanoes of the Campi phlegraei belong here. : 
‘““Maare.” These have usually been called diatremes. In typical 
form they are of elliptical cross-section and penetrate the older formations 
without having built up cones at the surface. These volcanic tubes are 
not rare since Tertiary times and are of several types, depending upon 
the force of the eruption. When the tubes extend straight through 
the surrounding strata the author classifies them as of the “Alb” type 
when the older strata are bent downward, at the sides, they form the 
“Fife” type, when they are bent upward at the sides, the “Cape” type. 
In the ‘‘Rez”’ type the strata are bent upward around the tube but the 
material does not reach entirely to the surface. These are Lachmann’s 
hemidiatremes. 
In tabular arrangement these forms may be grouped as follows: 
( Pedionite 
Older forms 
a ve ( Aspite 
UuMAaTITLC 
Chater ae \ Tholoide 
| 
Younger forms 
Belonite 
: \ Rheuklastitic 
Intermediate [ik TODMIS ck (oer ener sige anes ... Konide (Pseudoaspite) 
Younger ratte ees 
( Maare 
