THE 
MOURNAL OF GEOLOGY 
APRIL-MAY, ro12 
AUSTRALIAN GLACIATIONS 
Adelaide, S. Australia 
[The Roman numerals in parentheses refer to the bibliography at the end of the paper.] 
The occurrence of a wide range of climatic conditions within 
the same latitudes during successive geological periods, is probably 
better illustrated on the Australian continent than on any other 
portion of the earth’s surface. In Australia there have been 
three well-defined periods of glaciation, separated from each other 
by great intervals of time—Cambrian, Permo-Carboniferous, and 
Pleistocene. In each case the evidences of ice action are of con- 
siderable extent, all the distinctive features usual to areas that 
have undergone glaciation are unmistakably present, and in many 
instances the features are so clear and typical that it is difficult to 
realize the remote age of the ice marks. The purpose of the present 
paper is to give a brief summary of the main features of these 
extinct glacial fields of Australia. 
CAMBRIAN GLACIATION 
The Cambrian system is more fully developed in the state of 
South Australia than in any other part of the Australian continent, 
and forms the highlands running north and south from Kangaroo 
Island to Lake Eyre. A geosyncline was formed at the beginning 
of the Cambrian period, by the sinking of the old pre-Cambrian 
Vol. XX, No. 3 193 
