208 WALTER HOWCHIN 
outcrops occur; Wild Duck Creek and neighborhood, near Heath- 
cote; and still farther to the west, at Bendigo and the Loddon 
Valley, where the glacial beds outcrop in the creeks and are also 
met with in sinking on the deep leads, underlying basalt. On the 
south side of the divide the principal localities are grouped near 
Bacchus Marsh, adjoining the Adelaide and Melbourne Railway, 
with excellent sections in the valleys of the Lerderberg River, 
Myrniong Creek, and the Korkuperrimal Creek. 
The glacial beds rest unconformably on Ordovician and Silurian 
rocks, which, in both the Heathcote and Bacchus March districts, 
exhibit polished and striated pavements. The beds of the Wild 
Duck Creek section are 400 feet in thickness and can be traced 
for more than 15 miles in length. The till carries numerous 
erratics, some of which are estimated to weigh 20 to 30 tons. 
In 1896 Professor T. W. E. David published a comprehensive 
description of the Bacchus Marsh area, accompanied by detailed 
sections (XVIII). The glacial beds are characterized by hard 
and soft mudstones, conglomerates, and sandstones, having a pre- 
vailing dip ranging from 15° to 60°, and an estimated thickness of 
2,000 feet. The mudstones or bowlder beds have the appearance 
of a typical tillite, and in their softer portions might have been 
mistaken for a Pleistocene glacial till. These mudstones make up 
the greater part of the section and are interstratified with thinnish 
sandstones. The thickest till bed in the series, according to David, 
measures 193 feet. The included erratics are very plentiful, 
exhibit a great variety of lithological types, and, in many instances, 
are irregularly worn, smoothed, soled, and striated (XVIII, p. 297). 
The Bacchus Marsh section passes up into variable sandstones 
carrying, in places, patches of conglomerate. These sandstones 
are of considerable interest as they contain plant remains which 
determine the age of the beds. Among these are three species of 
Gangamo pteris, and at a somewhat higher horizon, Zeugophyllites, 
Schizoneura, and others. ‘These remains, taken in conjunction 
with their occurrences in other parts of Australia, determine the 
beds to be of Permo-Carboniferous age. 
The evidence that the glaciation of Victoria in Permo- 
Carboniferous times was effected above sea level and by land-ice 
