AUSTRALIAN GLACIATIONS 22 
to be, approximately, between 5,000 and 6,000 feet below that of 
the Branxton erratic horizon. There are, however, several other 
horizons, intermediate to those mentioned, in which glaciated 
stones occur. 
QUEENSLAND 
The equivalents of the New South Wales Permo-Carboniferous 
Coal Measures occur in Queensland as the Middle and Upper 
Bowen River series, extending from 203° S. to 26° S. (The Lower 
Bowen beds consist mainly of igneous rocks and are referred to 
the Carboniferous.) The beds are characterized by marine sand- 
stones and shales, interbedded with fresh-water deposits and a 
few seams of rather poor coal, believed to be representative of the 
Greta Coal Measures horizon of New South Wales. Near the 
base of the series there are conglomerates, isolated pockets of 
stones, and according to Jack and Etheridge (XXVII, p. 151), 
“large isolated bowlders of granite, etc., which could hardly have 
been brought to their present positions except by glacial action, 
as they occur here and there in the midst of strata of fine sandy 
or muddy material.”’ 
These Queensland occurrences have not been very extensively 
examined, and the glacial evidence is not very definite, but the 
presence of stones, sporadically present in fine sediments, on the 
same horizon in which clear evidence of glacial action is present 
in other parts of Australia, offer strong presumptive evidence of a 
similar origin in the case of the Queensland beds. 
WESTERN AUSTRALIA 
The main development of Permo-Carboniferous rocks in Western 
Australia occurs to the north of Perth, in an area of variable width 
running parallel with the coast for about 450 miles. The more 
interesting localities are found on the Irwin River, Gascoyne River, 
and the Minilya River. The beds carry a marine fauna that is 
distinctly Carboniferous in type. 
In the year rg00o, Mr. A. G. Maitland, government geologist, 
reported the ‘‘discovery, associated with the Carboniferous rocks 
of the Wooramel and the Minilya rivers, of an extensive deposit 
