AUSTRALIAN GLACIATIONS 25 
GENERAL REMARKS ON THE PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS GLACIATION 
It is quite clear that the glaciation within the geographical limits 
of the present continental mass during Permo-Carboniferous times 
was both terrestrial and marine, probably more of the former than 
the latter, but it is not always possible to say to which of these 
conditions the effects have to be referred. 
Wherever striated pavements occur, the direction of the ice 
movement is seen to have been from south to north. The striated 
pavements in the till, at Wynyard, Tasmania, described by Profes- 
sor David (XXIII, p. 277); shows the direction of flow as N. 30° to 
35 E. In the Bacchus Marsh district, Victoria (at Coimadai), 
described by Officer, Balfour, and Hogg (XVII, p: 326), the direc- 
tion of the striae is from southwest to northeast; and in the same 
district, more to the south and west, Sweet and Brittlebank supply 
similar readings (XVI, p. 378). In the bed of the Inman, South 
Australia, David and Howchin found the glacial striae to vary 
from W. 93° N. to W. 12° N. (VI, p. 117). On a pavement roo 
yards in length, on higher ground to the east of the last named, 
the present writer found the striations to read W. 10° N.; and on 
another polished floor in the neighborhood, at the base of Strang- 
ways Hill, the same reading was obtained. On the other side 
(north) of Strangways Hill, at the head of the Duck’s Nest Creek, 
the direction was found to be northwest. At Hallett’s Cove, in 
Gulf St. Vincent, 40 miles north of the Inman Valley, Tate, How- 
chin, and David found the general trend of the grooves to be nearly 
north and south (V, p. 316). 
This remarkable agreement in the direction of the striae over 
so great an extent of country is suggestive of the magnitude of the 
ice movements, and also that the center of distribution must have 
been to the south of the present limits of the continent. The 
northwesterly trend of the ice in the Inman Valley district can be 
explained, inasmuch as this sheet was a tributary to the main 
glacier which flowed up what, at present, forms the drowned 
valley of Gulf St. Vincent. 
To the action of land ice may be confidently referred the 
morainic deposits of Wynyard, in northern Tasmania; the deposits 
and glaciated surfaces on either side of the Dividing Range, in 
