548 A. C. PEALE 
also to those of the Lance formation. It was this resemblance, 
as we have seen, that in Canada caused the confusion between the 
Belly River beds and the Edmonton beds in the minds of Dawson 
and other Canadian geologists. McConnell,’ referring to some of 
the fresh-water and brackish-water shells that are common to the 
two, says: 
Their reappearance in the latter [Edmonton or Laramie] after a prolonged 
absence, during which the Pierre and Fox Hills—both marine formations—were 
deposited, affords an example of the extinction of a fauna over wide areas, its 
at least partial survival in sheltered localities, and the subsequent redistribu- 
tion of some of its members over the same area on the recurrence of favorable 
conditions: 2)... . Vertebrate remains occur in part of this formation, and are 
strewn in large quantities over the faces of some of the sections. They are, 
however, nearly always in a poor state of preservation, and crumble to pieces 
when disturbed. 
This faunal resemblance is noted by all the Canadian geologists. 
Whiteaves,? referring to it, says that from purely invertebrate 
paleontological evidence the Belly River, Laramie [Lance] and 
Judith River beds cannot be separated from each other. As to the 
vertebrate fauna, Professor H. F. Osborn, who has made a compari- 
son of the land and fresh-water forms from these various horizons, 
says that there is very little in common between the Belly River 
fauna and that of the Laramie [Lance} of Wyoming and Colorado 
so far as described, and that most of the dinosaurs will probably 
be found to be separated generically.s His tablet shows that of 
the 35 species accredited to the Belly River series only 9 are com- 
mon to the Judith River. As to the resemblance between the 
Judith River beds and the Lance formation more will be said later 
on. There are no Ceratopsidae in common and this we find to be 
the case with the Belly River series in the Fish Creek section and 
in the Willow Creek section which was the one next examined by 
us. 
On Willow Creek the section begins with outcrops of Benton 
shales. Above these shales is a series of sandstones and shales 
t Geol. Surv. Canada, Vol. 1, 1885, Montreal (1886), p. 65c. 
2 Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, U.S. Geol. Surv., 1, 55. 
3 Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, III, Pt. 2 (1902), p. 10. 
4 [bid., pp. 11 f. 
