148 T. C. CHAM BERLIN 



to have functioned quite differently. At one end, the arches seem 

 to have sprung from short stumpHke prominences that had been 

 present for some time before the special eruptions of the dates 

 named and remained for some time afterward. The movements 

 of the calcium clouds near these seemingly originating ends were 

 not only upward but inward toward the center of the arches. 

 At the other end, the arches were apparently related to sun-spots. 

 In these ends of the arches the calcium clouds seemed to be shooting 

 swiftly toward the sun-spots. The photographs appear to show 

 that special features in the upper part of the arches were drifting 

 more or less from the prominence at the originating ends toward the 

 sun-spot ends, though the motion of the central part of the arches 

 was mainly upward. The total motions of the individual calcium 

 molecules seem thus to have embraced a notable lateral component 

 as well as the dominant ascensive one. The discovery by Hale and 

 his associates that the cyclonic whirls associated with the sun-spots 

 are negatively charged may perhaps be made to throw light on this. 

 When ionization takes place by the discharge of an electrical ele- 

 ment, it is usually the electron that is shot away, and the residual 

 matter is then commonly positive. If, therefore, it be assumed that 

 the calcium molecules shot forth from the stump prominences were 

 positively charged, they would be drawn toward the negative 

 charges of the sun-spot whirls. 



A further feature of much interest is the suggestion of a rota- 

 tional component in the projectile motion. This is implied in 

 what has just been noted, a lateral movement combined with a 

 vertical movement. A rather distinct expression of rotation seems 

 to be shown in the spiraloid form of the upper central mass shown 

 in Fig. C, Plate I. The value of this rotatory movement may be 

 inferred from the fact that this spiraloid cloud had a volume more 

 than I, coo times that of the earth, assuming that its diameter 

 in the line of vision was equal to the shorter of the two visible 

 diameters. 



While all these disclosures must remain suh judice until they 

 have been amply verified and their interpretation made sure, it is 

 permissible to bring their suggestiveness into service at once to 

 mitigate the force of old views that always act as a drag upon new 



