270 REVIEWS 



the peoples of Brazil in geology, either from the scientific or the practical 

 point of view. There are but few trained investigators in the country, 

 and there is great need of adequate public sentiment to support either 

 state or national surveys. Those far-sighted Brazilians who appreciate 

 the importance of a knowledge of the geologic history and resources of 

 their country advance but slowly against the lack of interest of the 

 people and the inertia of the bureaucracy. 



The scientific world will share with the author of this map the hope 

 that his contribution to the world's knowledge of Brazil may stimulate 

 interest among the people of that country in a truly scientific, thorough 

 survey of their great domain. Many of the enlightened nations of the 

 world are carrying on such a survey and regard its cost as a necessary 

 charge on the national budget, because in the long run the advantage to 

 the nation far more than outweighs the expense. It is, however, a mis- 

 take to assume that returns from the money invested in a geological 

 survey are either evident or immediate. The principal object is to make 

 and publish maps and reports which shall furnish reliable information 

 regarding the country, and thus promote its development, increase its 

 population, and augment its sources of revenue. Brazil greatly needs a 

 well-organized topographic and geologic survey, such as can be executed 

 only by a trained staff, in order to inform her own people and the world 

 regarding her resources in agriculture, water powers, and mineral wealth, 

 and also to promote the investment of capital on the sound basis of 

 scientific knowledge. 



The text accompanying the map includes an extensive bibliography 

 of the sources of information which the author has discovered during 

 what we may well call an exhaustive study of the subject. The list 

 consists almost exclusively of the names of European and North Ameri- 

 can travelers and geologists. One of the earliest is von Eschwege, who 

 occupied an official position in Brazil and wrote on the geology of the 

 country just a century ago. Hartt, as head of the Geological Survey in 

 the seventies, organized important investigations and himself made 

 contributions to our knowledge, but he was rather a zoologist than a 

 geologist. His successor, Derby, who held the position as head of the 

 Geological Survey up to the time of his death in 1915, stands officially 

 for the principal work carried out under national auspices. With these 

 should be named Dr. Gonzaga de Campos, a Brazilian geologist who has 

 done much to advance the exploration of his country and is still in 

 active service. There are many distinguished names in the list of in- 

 vestigators cited by Branner, but there is none who has brought to the. 



