GEOLOGICAL ROUTE THROUGH ASIA MINOR 63 



of the rocks, they are classified on the maps rather from super- 

 ficial characters. I have specially indicated the points where 

 fossils have been found. The rocks may be grouped as igneous 

 (of various sorts), metamorphic (largely Paleozoic where their 

 relationships are known), obliquely stratified (Mesozoic and 

 Eocene, especially the latter), and horizontally bedded sedimen- 

 taries (Miocene and later as a rule). Thorough tracing-out of 

 the relationships of strata and thorough collecting of the fossils 

 can alone give a much more accurate knowledge of the dates of 

 the various deposits of Asia Minor. 



In connection with the regular archaeological report of the 

 expedition I expect to publish this matter in a less technical way 

 and with reference rather to its interrelation with the various 

 past peoples of Asia Minor and their culture. 



I wish to express my indebtedness to the members of the ex- 

 pedition in many ways, and especially to Jesse E. Wrench, who 

 did most of the topographic work; also to Professor J. B. Wood- 

 worth, under whose direction and advice this report was prepared, 

 and to the other authorities of Harvard University who have 

 helped me in the matter of books, instruments, etc. 



MOUNTAINOUS PHRYGIA 



Comparatively few notes were taken in this district, and no 

 specimens were collected. The substratum of the country is 

 metamorphic, appearing as schists along the railroad cut between 

 Ihsanie and Diiver (Deuyer), at the entrance to the mountainous 

 section southwest of Ayaz In, and in smaller bands east of Yazili 

 Kaya. There were also three outcrops in the Sakaria plain, one 

 a considerable band at the eastern end of the Yazili Kaya lime- 

 stones, and the others east and west of Aktash Kopri, as shown 

 on the map. Quite as frequently the metamorphic rocks were 

 limestones. This was the case along the railroad, north of the 

 mapped area for a considerable distance, and also in a large area 

 all about Yazili Kaya. 



Overlying the metamorphic rocks are everywhere igneous 

 rocks, Neocene in date. These lie in horizontal beds, lavas, or 

 tuffs, and are sometimes so rotted as to be indeterminable. Of the 



