GEOLOGICAL ROUTE THROUGH ASIA MINOR 71 



to the Kyzyl Yrmak. For the first couple of miles it is inter- 

 rupted by several reappearances of the marble. Two of the hills 

 south, also, are crowned by later horizontal beds. The dominance 

 of the serpentines gives the whole country as far as one can see a 

 deep green tint, varying in spots to pale green and to liver-red. 

 After crossing a broad alluvial plain without outcrops, and then 

 a narrow ridge of volcanic rock similar to the deposits to the west, 

 we reach the immediate vicinity of Kylyjlar. 



Fig. 4. — Index map of Asia Minor. 



On the east slope of the last ridge west of Kylyjlar, there is a 

 small outcrop of schist, dipping steeply to the northwest, and 

 similar to that east of Angora. Underlying it is a small patch of 

 syenite, not indicated on the map, and east of that again a flat- 

 topped hill that dominates the whole valley. This hill seems 

 to be formed of the serpentines, but is capped with a layer of the 

 gray and white Angora limestone, apparently originally continu- 

 ous with the beds east of the valley. East of Kylyjlar the domi- " 

 nant rock is still the same serpentine, but with the denser type 

 less common, and more mixed than before with the greenish white 

 tuffs ( ?) . For a mile immediately east of the town, however, it 



