GEOLOGICAL ROUTE THROUGH ASIA MINOR 81 



nearly so, sometimes fossiliferous — then generally Pliocene — often 

 formed of the same materials as the eocenes of their district. 

 Still more often they show a more or less characteristic appear- 

 ance, and may usually be distinguished by their horizontal bedding. 



In every place where they come in contact with the trachyte 

 (andesite) deposits, they grade into their tuffs, and are evidently 

 in a general way of the same period. This shows conspicuously at 

 Yuzgad and along the Kyzyl Yrmak near Caesarea. 



Here is a list of the places where I found deposits of this type 

 to predominate: 



The Sakaria valley near Aktash, and from there to Sivri Hissar. 

 The Sakaria valley from Sivri Hissar east to the river at Gordium. 

 The country east of Hammam Merkes and Giaour Kalesi. 

 The Kyzyl Yrmak valley from Yakshy Khan to Yaghly. 

 The region about Eyiik. 



The region beginning just south of Yuzgad and extending the entire length 

 of the Malya Tchol almost to Hadji Bektash. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Congres geologique internationale. Compte rendu de la LX e session, Vienne, 



1903. This contains two important papers on the Bibliography of Asia 



Minor, so complete that it seems unnecessary to give a detailed bibliography 



here. These are: 

 Toula, Franz. Der gegenwartige Stand der geologischen Erforschung der 



Balkan-Halbinsel und des Orients, p. 175; followed by — 

 Toula, Franz. Ubersicht iiber die geologische Literatur der Balkanhalbinsel 



mit Morea, des Archipels mit Creta und Cypern, der Halbinsel Anatolien, 



Syrien und Palastinas, pp. 185 to 330. This is a bibliography of over 1,300 



titles, arranged chronologically. 

 von Bukowski. Gejza: Neuere Fortschritte in der Kenntnis der Strati- 



graphie von Kleinasien. Loc. cit., p. 393. A bibliography arranged by 



authors. 

 Hamilton, William John. Researches in Asia Minor. 2 vols. London, 1842. 



A book of travels with frequent geological notes. The geological part, as 



well as that of the other older authors, has been summarized by Tchihatcheff , 



and harmonized with his own observations. 

 Tchlhatcheff, Paul de. Asie Mineure. Paris, 1866 to 1869. Paleontologie 



by A. d'Archiac, P. Fischer, and E. de Verneuil, in one vol., with atlas. 

 . Asie Mineure. Geologie, in 3 vols., with a geological map Of Asia 



Minor, and one of the Bosporus. The classic. 

 . Asie Mineure. There are numerous other papers by Tchihatcheff, 



for which one may consult the bibliographies cited above. 



