THE VARIATIONS OF GLACIERS 85 



The glaciers of Mt. Hood, Oregon, show a marked recession 

 since 1906 and they have also decreased in thickness. The White 

 Glacier has receded about 400 meters; Sandy Glacier 100 to 200 

 meters; Reid Glacier 50 to 100 meters, and Zig-Zag is hardly 

 more than an ice-bank. The glaciers on the north side of the 

 mountain, as seen from the summit, also seemed reduced in size 

 (Montgomery) . 



Lyman Glacier, near Lake Chelan in central Washington, is 

 still diminishing (Rusk). 



Mt. Baker, Washington, the most northerly of the great vol- 

 canic cones which rise above the Cascade Range, was surveyed 

 during the summer of 1909 by the United Stated Geological Sur- 

 vey, the party being under the direction of Mr. J. E. Blackburn. 

 Mt. Baker, 10,745 feet high, is covered with ice and snow above an 

 altitude of 5,000 feet, divided into a few separate masses by narrow 

 ridges of rock. 



At the lower levels glacier tongues develop, some of which 

 extend to as low an altitude as 3,500 feet. Seven glaciers have 

 been given names, the Roosevelt, Mazama, Wells Creek, Sholes, 

 Park, Boulder Creek, and Nooksack. The last has not been 

 fully explored and may later be divided and receive several names. 

 The ice of these glaciers is especially broken up by large and numer- 

 ous crevasses. The crater of the mountain, from which steam is 

 still escaping, is about 1,000 feet below the flat snow-covered sum- 

 mit. The moraines in front of the glaciers' ends and the polished 

 and grooved rock along their sides show clearly that they are 

 retreating and diminishing in volume. 



Fifteen miles northeast of Mt. Baker rises the spire of Mt. 

 Shuksan, 9,038 feet; a glacier on its wes.ern side breaks over a 

 cliff and the ice collects to form a reconstructed glacier at a lower 

 level; this glacier then falls over a second cliff and forms a second 

 reconstructed glacier still lower down (Blackburn). 



The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey has published a 

 map of Glacier Bay, and the surrounding area, on a scale of 1/160,- 

 000, from surveys made in 1907. 1 It is interesting to compare this 

 map with the earlier one published by the survey in 1899. 2 The 



1 It is numbered 8306 and was published in January, 1910. 



2 No. 3095. 



