106 G. F. LAMB 



assigned to a syncline, as is proven by the nearly horizontal posi- 

 tion of the Berea in the same direction. It is worthy of note that 

 the Sharon and overlying sandstones in the line of this old valley 

 reach their greatest development in Ohio, and form a great body of 

 conglomerate and sandrock extending southward from southern 

 Lake County, through Geauga and Portage counties, at least as 

 far south as northern Stark County. The evidence is strong that 

 the conglomerate and overlying sandstones in this great ridge are 

 stream deposits, and will be discussed later. 



It may be objected that the distances involved in the three 

 lines across this supposed valley are of such length as to be of 

 doubtful value. Data are at hand, however, which confirm fully 

 what the three lines of elevation show. At Brandy wine the Sharon 

 base is 210 feet above the Berea; due east at Nelson Ledges only 

 about 75 feet; near Newton Falls only about 75 feet; but on the 

 state-line nearly due east of Nelson Ledges nearly 300. The 

 meaning of these figures is clear, and shows deep erosion, which is 

 still further confirmed by the presence of hills of the Cuyahoga in 

 the very region in which the erosion was greatest. As stated above, 

 the top of the Cuyahoga near Newton Falls lies below 850 and in 

 2 \ miles north rises to 1,040 above sea-level. It therefore forms 

 a hill at least 190 feet high, with no trace of the Sharon or overlying 

 sandstones. Within 3I miles to the northwest from this hill, 

 and in a direction opposed to the dip, the surface sinks to 919 

 feet at least. At Nelson Ledges the conglomerate is about 75 

 feet thick, and one solid mass from bottom to top. It appears 

 to the observer that it may be expected to continue for miles 

 to the north, but instead it thins out quickly on the steep slope 

 of another Cuyahoga hill, which rises from 956, at the base 

 of the Ledge, to 1,107, a r i se °f I 5 I ^ eet m 1 mile. Within 

 2 miles to the northwest from this hill, the surface drops 

 again to 990, or 117 feet, as seen in the Parkman gorge. 

 From this point the surface rises again to the northeast, 180 feet 

 in 2\ miles, then falls toward the northwest. At Newton Falls, 

 there is a like rise toward the northeast from below 850 to 941, in 

 about 3 miles. Now all points which show these old hills are on 

 or near the eastern margin of this rock ridge, and in every case 



