204 THOMAS C. CHAMBERLIN AND ROLLIN T. CHAMBERLIN 



the summit of a rounded eminence in this way. Its trenches do 

 advance headward, but they take the form of ravines, gulches, 

 and gullies eating sharply, not broadly, backward. The positions 

 of cirques that are fully developed may be studied for evidence 

 confirmatory of these deductions. In such study perhaps the most 

 striking illustration of summit-ward creep is found in the crater 

 cirques, a form that has attracted the attention of observant 

 travelers but has not played as large a part in glacial literature as 



Fig. 7. — The Rendalstind on the west side of the Lyngenfjord, Norway, 

 summit has become crater-shaped by ice sculpturing. Photo, by R. T. C. 



The 



perhaps it should. Mountains with crater-like summits are quite 

 common along the Norwegian coast above the Arctic Circle, and 

 they are likewise frequent enough in the Lofoten Islands to give 

 characteristic profiles to the views obtained there from passing 

 steamers. 



The Rendalstind, on the west side of the Lyngenfjord (Fig. 7), 

 is an illustration of the type in a not very advanced stage of develop- 

 ment. Glacier action in the summit basin is today actively 

 in progress. Other mountains of the region reveal much more 

 pronounced sculpturing of this sort where the action has either 

 been more prolonged or more intense. Such a case is illustrated by 



