220 



A. E. PARKINS 



But where does the materia] come from that is filling the valley 

 above this step and all the way to the headwaters ? All over the 

 valley floor above this point we find fresh sand and gravel. Since 

 there is no evidence that it comes from the sides, it must come from 

 the collecting basins drained by the headwaters of this stream. 



Fig. 3. — A view of the middle part of the valley. The forty- five-foot contour 

 crosses on the edge of the tiny cliff. This view shows the flatness of the floor, the 

 sharp angle between the valley sides and bottom, the buried "feet" of the tree and 

 the stump. 



The fact that the headwaters lead from cultivated lands leads one 

 to suspect that here is the source of the material, and that the 

 valley began to be aggraded when the forests were cut off and 

 the soil loosened by the plow. This being so, filling must have 

 taken place since the arrival of man in this section. Just how 

 long ago that was, is not easy to determine from anything in the 

 valley, except what evidence may be. presented by the stump. 



