RIPPLES OF THE BEDFORD AND BEREA IN OHIO 



2 59 



Bedford, and flow for some distance over a rock floor composed 



Bed after bed is exposed in 







of the strata of these formations, 

 descending order, each with a 

 beautifully rippled upper surface, 

 and where the stream cuts through 

 one of the "shaly" beds as many 

 as 12 or 1 8 may be encountered 

 in a vertical thickness of one foot, 

 each ripple-marked. The parallel- 

 ism of these ripples is most strik- 

 ingly shown where the gradient' is 

 such that the stream descends 

 gently across such a series, each of 

 the surfaces forming the creek bed 

 for a distance, to be superseded 

 presently by the next layer lower 

 down. 



REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK 



E. B. Andrews in 1870 first 

 noted that the ripple-marks in the 

 vicinity of Buena Vista trend in 

 a northwest-southeasterly direc- 

 tion. 1 The formation in which 

 they occur is not indicated and 

 the context suggests that they 

 are in the "city ledge" of the 

 Cuyahoga, but they can only be 

 in the Bedford and Berea, since ripples do not occur in the other. 



Dr. Edward Orton, Sr., next called attention to the constancy 

 of direction of these ripple-marks in Pike County. In his account 

 of the geology of Pike County he says "the surfaces of successive 

 layers, for many feet in thickness, are often covered with ripple- 

 marks, all of them holding the general direction of north 53 west, 



Fig. i. — A portion of the upper 

 part of the Bedford in the D.T. and 

 I.R.R., cut southeast of Waverly, 

 showing the many thin platy sand- 

 stones which largely make up the 

 shaly portions of the formation. Each 

 is rippled. Sometimes only the crests 

 of the ripples are preserved as a series 

 of lenses. The thicker sandstones are 

 not present in this outcrop. 



1 Geol. Surv. Ohio, Rept. Progress [in i{ 

 ed. of 1871, p. 72. 



in Second District, ed. of 1870, p. 



