380 GEORGE D. HUBBARD 



nearly at right angles thereto and on the east end of the quarry, 

 is perpendicular and very regular. Rock is struck in but one 

 well in the vicinity. Rock has been taken out from similar, though 

 smaller local pockets, in two other localities within 80 rods. 



The county surveyor of Livingston County says there are 

 a good many local deposits along the Vermilion River, slabs, 

 bowlders, and irregular pieces, but it is not continuous, and the 

 layers are variously tilted. 



Usually these large masses are along morainal ridges. Some- 

 times they are found along stream beds where they have been 

 exposed by erosion. They cover areas varying from a few rods 

 to over a hundred acres in extent, and differ in thickness from six 

 or eight feet to eighteen or twenty feet. They are always in a 

 shattered condition; often very much broken up, but sometines 

 requiring some blasting to get out the rock. What seems the most 

 surprising thing is that there is rarely much dip. The bedding 

 in all the larger masses is almost horizontal. During early days 

 when transportation was expensive, these masses of limestone 

 were much used by the settlers, who made lime from some of them, 

 and from others drew building material. The rock was more 

 workable, and hence more desirable, than the granite bowlders. 



Their presence in the drift, and their distribution mostly in 

 the large recessional moraines, seems to point to a glacial origin 

 for them. Since most if not all the masses mentioned are of 

 Carboniferous rock, as shown by their fossils, the sources could 

 not have been more than fifty to seventy-five miles north, for 

 beyond that limit there is no Carboniferous rock, from which they 

 could have come. While no specific places have been found from 

 which it is thought these large bowlders were plucked, it is believed 

 that they may have come readily from the bluffs of a valley, or 

 from hills a moderate distance to the north. 



