388 H. FOSTER BAIN 



been one of the best-conducted institutions of its kind in America. 

 It serves the people and the state of Iowa well, meeting their 

 peculiar needs. In other states different methods are necessary, 

 as they will become in time in Iowa. 



The Iowa Survey owes much to Calvin. It also owes a not-to- 

 be-forgotten debt to Charles R. Keyes, the principal assistant at 

 the time the Survey was organized and through the period when 

 plans were being formulated. In brief the Survey has served 

 two main purposes: (i) It has furnished handbooks, consisting of 

 maps and reports on the geology of the individual counties, written 

 in simple language adapted to the understanding of students and 

 intelligent laymen; (2) scientific and technical reports have been 

 issued as occasion offered, covering all phases of the natural history 

 of the state and the economic development of its resources. 

 According to the report for the year ending December 31, 1909, 

 all but nine counties had been surveyed and reports prepared and 

 issued. More detailed surveys, based on topographic maps made 

 in co-operation with the United States Geological Survey, had 

 already been begun in areas of especial economic importance, and, 

 as conditions permit, this system of more refined mapping will 

 doubtless be extended over the state. In the meantime the county 

 reports serve extremely useful purposes and afford a sure basis 

 for broad general studies. The special reports on scientific and 

 economic subjects have been numerous and valuable, as is attested 

 by the list of publications of the Survey. The water, the coal, 

 clay, stone, lead, zinc, gypsum, and minor mineral resources have 

 all been studied by specialists, and information essential to their 

 economical development set forth. The mineral industry has 

 responded to the stimulus and the total value of the mineral output 

 of the state is now many times what it was when the Survey was 

 organized. Iowa is primarily an agricultural state and its mineral 

 resources are relatively small ; the educational phases of the Survey 

 work have therefore always, and properly, been emphasized. On 

 the narrow material basis, however, the Survey has made good 

 return for the support of the state and it is deservedly popular. 

 As an administrator, therefore, Calvin's work shows him to have 

 been successful. 





