THE VARIATIONS OF GLACIERS 



457 



the summer of 1909 and we note that the Shoup Glacier was 

 practically stationary and was fully as large then as it had been 

 for several decades. The Columbia Glacier was found, at its 

 eastern edge, about 500 feet in advance of its position of 1899, and 

 this advance seems to have taken place principally since the 

 summer of 1908. Professor Grant found indications that the 

 glacier was well in advance some fifty years ago and before that 

 date was considerably smaller. The Meares Glacier seems to be 

 a little in advance of its position of 1905, and the general condition 

 of the vegetation in the immediate neighborhood indicated that 

 the glacier in 1909 was probably as far forward as it has been 

 during the last one hundred years or more. 



Professor Lawrence Martin conducted another expedition for 

 the National Geographic Society in 19 10 to study the Alaskan 

 glaciers. He sends me the following notes: 



Fairweather Range. — La Perouse Glacier advanced approximately a quarter 

 mile between September 4, 1909, and June 10, 1910, and was destroying 

 forest on the latter date, as it had previously done in September, 1895. 



Yakutat Bay. — Nunatak Glacier advanced 700 to 1,000 feet between 

 July 6, 1909, and June 17, 1910, after retreating steadily at least 2\ miles from 

 1890 to 1909. Hubbard Glacier did not continue to advance as rapidly as 

 seemed possibly would be the case in 1909, parts of the front advancing 600 

 feet between 1909 and 1910 while other parts retreated 500 to 1,000 feet. In 

 1910 Lucia Glacier had probably nearly ceased the great advance which was 

 in progress in July, 1909. Nunatak Glacier is the ninth ice tongue in the 

 Yakutat Bay region to advance since 1899, following a long period of contin- 

 uous retreat or stagnation. In each case listed below the advance is thought 

 to be the result of great accessions of snow and ice by avalanches during the 

 earthquakes of September, 1899. 



* BetN^een Haenke and Hubbard glaciers, 

 t Excluding expanded lobe in Malaspina. 



