380 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
[June 12 
of a 3 in chain. The eee z pad ten 
0 
of drainage, and having power to transport 
blocks hundreds of sale from their eek hh vi an er 
lastly, a class of pas which indica ss degree of 
but whieh still 55 8 of 
ee levels, and have mixed 
of hi lis and plains th 
If, continued the e the 
r 0 — in detail, 
on three geological 
rocks ; 
up by 
any o 
we shall find them to depend 
conditions—the mineral composition of sa 
the height to which they have been thro 
s—either of the rocks . ly 
below, o or vie 5 si — — lyin 
distances, which have bee nspor 
d 
Channel to Carn 
ein w 
r. 
and neig 8 
urfac 
range into the valley of the Thames, and the grav el-pits 
of Hyde-park ; bh anes 
m have been t 
The district oth of the Tham 
separately. It is extensively stein with superficial 
PSR ERE but ore are of a different kind. Besides 
the marine strata which were formed on the bed of the 
erratic any there 
which is only eee to excite the attention a 
— deserve, and w have N e an important 
in AAi ence on the distribution os soils. 1 are = 
districts, isa on our own island n the continent, 
which we find see ces of the etratic tertiaries, but | 
which a salar ps have been subject to aque pas operations | 
of some kind or other, whi ve produce ertain 
| atmospheric action, and different from th 
arine action which is char i 
3 
and sand, containing angular 1 the subjacent 
ocks, They 
over the s ace, being ee a and most fre 
coarse 3 on the oe thinner 2585 more E i 
with them on the slopes an fiat summits of hills ; 
They 
a now in woe or aia whi h have ceased | entirely absent from steep si 
0 es from heat to cold, from wet to app have been formed pate cote to oe desic- 
dry, from frost rs 4.5 separate the particles of the | cation of the bed of ‘hae erratic sea, for they are spread 
hardest and most compact e decompose | (whe two deposits are present in the same district) 
more rapidly than others, but all crumble more or less. | over its d sae surface. In the pan Engl 
Now, if the crumbling matter aig from each rock | appears ue have been repeopled by many of the species 
the rock from w it was derived, the | of land animals now extinct, which lived there before 
composition of the ae jeer r be Kantio al wi th | the 3 submergen Whenever shells are found 
that of the rock b Sandstones would then in- associated with these deposits, which ar efly th 
fr 
sai 
ooks ; ie brooks convey i it to the 
t to the v 
rains 
i 
8 
4 
Sir Henry De ec 
overnment . Society, 
m as realy exist in South Wales ; and in 
y ani of gravel ; cles of smaller si 
h 
Zesides the 2 produced by t 
of the materi 
of 
a 
s which e ceased to 
which acted inde independently of "alle present raid of 
blocks of stone, weighing many tons, to points dis 
hundreds of miles from their parent xbeke In an 
essay in your oa. which you milihi ers 
escribed these deposits 
distribution, ain’ ay 
is known in th 
most free from 
= id the evidence of their having been s 
the su 
points across 
of 3 i; ple well- 
ave bras 
partic el th 
r, and fall down as sand, ae oe finest 8 
to the and m 
had power to transport great | i 
formed | I 
of the land, a of | Geol 
hse i 
I called 
scribed, by Mr. 
arf ‘hea d; 5 
restwieh, for 
i ir R 
ed o 
re is ee class of a erficial deposits, | 
hir 1 
s must 110 e 
e flin 
Tur, consist of thin deposits of clay, loam, | i 
nts 
yee a 
and 
g | clay by an of loa n prod 
— rich, pe gees Saa of Little Hampton md Bogan, 
e | compose: sed of t 
for 
| ag ulada] e — — those geologists wh 
PS the fo 
the north of ox Thames. That nearest to the char 
scribed as composed either ex 
el 
of te miny 
f ee. and re. ular flints, or 
rials sparingly mixed, near tertiar 
olled se before m entione " * vith hs 
prevails on the chal of the Sus: 
zones within th nal 2 
* e ] 
one there are man iti 
both on the north and south of the central dens * 
sand, covered with heaps of drifted and sharply tench 
flints, mixed with chert, ironstone, and sandstone derived 
from the eee and 1 rocks. They fill 
re pi 
pin heaps 
at — varying from 30 ft. to 300 ft. above the 
he mix 2 with a fe Ber 
8 those “of the 
er m 
were pa derived from we Biss 
north and south, but 
he west, where ie pe i ne wl 
uth Downs unite. 
which the waters of the 
the Thames and southw 
c sand, and 
alk. With respect to the wealden zone of 
accum 
of reaggregated clay or loam, derived from the 4 
hills. Sir R. Murchison notices the effe et of these 
e | deposits in modifying the sterile ae p the mi. 
cla admixtu 
ner 12 
r slopes of the Dox 8 re mix 
flints | ja revail on a 
and clay in 
the low grounds, where loa ails; ma between the 
thin deposits of the hills an the deep Sopot of the 
plains, m declares that it is impo sible to any line 
0 era gi tion. This is virtually — vi "the state- 
had previously made in you ee 
Fa of the e Socios Soc „ e g 
of the variations of s n Norfolk fe North Kent 
on t 
on the hi — 
struggle for 
r science, and whose 
lants and 
of thei 
ssils as ie all-in-all 
may be a 
er erratics of ay district north 
it 
tion of a 
artley Rectory (for 5 of which 
e kindness of the Council of the 
ty) exhibits this deposit as it exists on 
A diagram of it w 
our Journal. For y tae other 
Sir 
such 
s Geology 1 55 the South-East of E England.“ 
ure 
nfi 
and 
the sane tof Scotland and 
in east and west zones 
totes are exterior to 
both 
have been 2 
Marsh, and there mixed with 
Ferdl 
from the 5 Lickey, 
F: 
& 
quartz pebbles | 0 
in the oolitie which I 
* 
WHE 
t of our present stock 
two, 
t | since ney tri 
080 gi ve 
inde: 
e | detail noe the cutting of the 
in practical 2 ge 
ause they 
to 
ver, on the 
* with Sir a Murchison at their 
as 
the sos gad ane to lead to 
TEA 
— require that soils eee be formed from the 
sole influence of atmo- 
head, 
deep airy name we call it, and however uua 
may be to explain me causes “which produced it. 
there is such a deposit, and that i 
deposits, that * is Ee a distri 
Va e kind of W matter, 
ended ae materials of m 1 ri ry 
n the thinnest are os suficient ep 
e i, and in man 
ee rE 
lay dow 
to agriculture, Besse 
aaa inelnde the geology of the surface as W woll as ol 
ust n A 
they ig ell exist, and then determine e their men ‘hetically. 
the rocks ath ; not deduce the forme er hypothetica 
Such m maps m ; 
arg 
n 
— 
o 
wee written along the 
tone, &c. 
u 
limes The dene gre: „ in 
should seyi peaa 
g 
much of beat 
The 
maps. 
re 
the * Ania of | r 
— W 
iiy a 
