490 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
| Jury 31, 
ing 
pE- 
E. 
— 
e kingdom, except granite, 
— roria white Hertfordshire chalks, and pure e 
ing sand. Part of the “ric wast. a bro 
of admirable texture 
tract of salt marsh ; 
> path in is 0 a rich 
‘a strong soil called the 
ays, 
warp, a 
A Heath’ * has oon ah 
stone; generally it i d sandy ut 
with clay enough in it to be aig with wet, on a 
bed of limestone 9 to 18 inches in depth.“ 
cc 
bottom ; the quality varying fr sand, 
ducing hea th, to rich, deep, fertile — ‘that yield 
capital crops of Barle 2 and n and some even 
Beans.“ Of the “ miscellane ” parti on, we have 
a mass of notes ——— a . variety “of soils, 
— “strong clay,” “loam on stone, aor pee l pas- 
e land, . ;” “a vale of soils too 
various for description, but not good in tte Ae 
ay er z tract of — 3 ” e a narrow 
a bia at about 16s. ;” “th ions of soil are 
pect all longitudinal in the peiska of north and 
66 1 
t, 
an 
are “ as goo ood § 
hrases here bute W 7 be 
P 
k | practical applic 
Mr. Trimmer tells us in his essay in n the Agricul- 
tural Society’s Journal, Vol. XII., Lit is = more con- 
sequenc e to the farmer to grote siero 
loaf af bread, nt which ane 
Which 
22 
to get out, and thus filling it 
seen when cutting through a 
14 e con ad is dis made fr coars flour 
its bran or husk ent W 
of Wheat exists as a fe ay inside’ separated. * 
denoted in our usua 
maps, therefore, ral character 
of the differ ent aie including bee: deposits of 
most recent o 
h 
h it, and thus it is 
n protein ‘compounds than flo 
dour’ ki the on — — it is made, * = 
ve „then, that brown bread i 
. The stems of plants etn * 
p e wall or case of these e 
es 
ner, t ac matter not previously — 
rigin. 
n order that the full advantages which gelogy |; 
ja almost lies} h, and that whic h remains 
is able to confer should be er by us, there i 
no other course to pursue than to make our — 
acquainted with the science, while we cultivate the 
rth of which it treats. e bel i 
words of the geologist we have just re to, com- 
aratively little progress has bee e in 
ation of geology to) — 
“chiefly because farmers og a = iy: geologists, 
rea aoe = general 
farming. Wherever a step — — gained, it has 
— by the union — the two kinds of kn owledge in 
one individual. The yeoman and land surveyor o 
Oxfordshire who ranks as the evar of English 
geology was als so the first to apply it to agricul- 
tural questions.“ Let us follow his 8 
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL e eee 
SESSIONAL EXAMINATION IN CHE 
* Describe the preparation and properties a 8 
14 meal ? 
p 
Describe the principal chemical actions involved in tne 
ss of baking. 
I 
proce 
4. Is brown bread more bn than white bread? Give 
and so of the p 
applied to the a p — county, an spoken of 
lands that, in some ntial particolars, are totally 
different roa those 1 are 1 to describe. 
But take a good geological map of this country, 
and it is immediately observable that 10 or 1 
3 orders of strata, together with several so 
Mo i, attered detritus s, and a e 
N ailn vial de 3 form the respective 
Bat which surface soils repose. > 
ferent — — 
r . Wha 
r deci 
n ignorant of in 
. How do you detect the adulteration of flour with Peas or 2 
6. When Flax is steeped in water the al 
which Tog invests and unites the fibres — pr 
out by refaction ta 2 place. By steeping in hot 
n 
m, the process is fi acilitated sed 
igesti or a "wh dilute carbonate of potash, 
rotein compounds contaiy 1 
carbon, h. alte, 
SR 
é 
Pe 
quid; if heated, or an 
ded, it becomes almost solid, separat ing into two 
one of which is 2 which is solid, and the other 
uid: it co and 
the caseine and smaller a globul 
What kind of substance i re cellulos 
Describe neg changes 2 take place in the 
1 555 — wb 
codes 2 prominent characters of albuminous 
or ‘prt —4 posi — 
pap — re tbe general composition of milk 
9. the mposition 5 A* tter, 
fora = = = — g ran 
. How do 4 determine the 197 feeding value of dif- 
of oilcake 
are the chemical ee which Barley undergoes 
— what changes 
* 
mination 
ich are minutely dispersed through. 
out it, and this — the ee why — milk has a 
colour than ne Water, then, caseine, fatty 
extractive — and salts, with sugar and ie 
— are the — constituents of milk. In churning, the fatty 
van les become oxidised and break. 
yee is 5 up of fat, water, albuminous matters, and 
bom acid, as well as capric and caproic acids; the lactic adii 
s n albuminous m produces 
that rancid taste which occurs in uea ill-made butter. — 
ether also occurs; this can be w out by HO. The 
acids ‘are neutralised by aitia magnesia, Saltis added to 
butter to preserve it, and as it occurs commercially, forma onè 
being generall 0 is s us e 12. What is the. general composition and the relative feeding 
„this et 
to the whole matter; we can judge or the super- = Wh malt cons. i tk ition of th 
structure by the character and proportions of the 3 of our pen plants RER 3 
J 1 3 e general c ptei of stif clay soils, and 
en : Farm pA north, tral ppan be ce means 1 ite improving th 1 
Englan in the sout , Can say, the lan t Under what circumstances is Paii and burning likely 
hill range, or lying in that flat , resembles this to be attended w with a results, and in what cases will it do 
x A 
po I occupy ; and I know of other estates not far 16. What changes he farm-yard N keeping g 
of which upon other strata one hose in 1 5 sk Mention va of the 9 which 
colnshire.” And n they read a descriptio 9 nt of home-made ma 
the soils upon each of ios ba monia in at ae the b best means of preventing rth lose of 
ia say th 
f 
not wonder, as with the old 
synonymous with deviates sea their ow. 
Geology has prov 
19, On what — of artificial manures do their fer- 
tilising and commercial value depend ? 
20, What are the 8 more generally occurring in 
Peruvian vino, err how can they be detected ? 
17. 
Ci rencester, Jun 
. The relative values of feeding stuffs, such as oil-cake, are 
. by a nitrogen combustion. Multiply nitrogen 9 
this gives protein compounds, by stage 1 n Bes ab i 
and —— * * — — oil, may b phir = 
Rape- eis ri * otein e 
y owe ell, owing $ to ge 3 
enol. ti com 
— . 2. T — —— old. te . ae 
of as est for —ͤ— A acid after gail 
which should not exist in bg Fe ey to interfere with the 
hosphoric acid being thrown once by 
kód — perebloride and 9 of 3 a or soda ; 
filter, dissolve in hydrochloric acid, and add 1 
long as = — recipitate is sak W Next 
| eee of magnesia and ammonia; fi 
oniacal salts by heat, and calculate for 
biphosptrate of magnesia. To determine, 
pan stuff, the water, protein compo ds, qh, wi 
vided us wit nenclature | d PO 
: 1. Starch may be ascertained, R. 
tood, in place of the local designa- | in we —.— . a FCC D Caer | answers next week] 
2 which me of little value in a scientifi int a e sts gps sen in tian —- to — it, it ty uired mes —— eT Aa 
of view. at the reports in the Agricul- | following is the we d from ovis 
tural So ety’s Journal, at those which hav. : u- water for somo time next atrain iet t 272 an Gates ie 2 PER 9 25 2 7 
2 k 2 C > it hrough a pieco of nem uslin, “B t is this 1 w? Aye m 
pied such prominent places in the columns of the 4 h will pass through, and t ae ut is this la y 3 
daily press; the i : filter ; 2 washing 3 — alcohol the impurities n said—indeed I have welt 
press ; they in their descriptions with | passed through oe with it may be separated, h ie | book“ — he golden and siler Ì Polands should . 
a 5 of the Fy strata and superjacent =, — De is may be done on a small 2 8. As e * 
$ y making the flour int kind of dough, 
botan; like anani peas es in | kneading it on a filter, when the starch will past — — pendage, and tha all Polands „ one “s 
Fo standard iape and peniya pe the gluten will rem hind, The gluten being in such close be sent to coop.“ many of 3 in felon 
ployed in 8 on with starch, makes it difficult ion. ting o receive a i 2 
comprehend, an 1 88 On a large scale the flour is mixed with iiio worldlings are paano to believe and to 
. rol 5 us at first acht Fan water, the flour being previously placed in a pit, where it is | true and substantiated, on-no better tter authority that 
is the character of the district we are to read o of, iy te emain e g set up; after Tier eae seen it in a book kt? aiai 
Geology saved both labour, time, and any ted. by. waahi . eagar posed, it mar ne No proof, 8 has yet been * 
in te i whereabouts we ma probably meet 2 Lee Shee — oy thet — Palm, aa aago ; trom | be) that beard of Polands i 5 z ne or (W0 
with marls and fossil manur W now weer preerian Fjelkner properties of It is, so far, a mere matter of dislike to on © te 
what strata or local deposits facials ug ut iia insoluble 18 water and alcohol, where it appesrs | individuals. Was be un | from that oi 
Tals te te. ; materials are not | as a gela substa Nene with “ ” that of the trim 
y to be; and the es in which the free iodine.in à bold 20 solution it is itat. he-goat and “bearded pard ” to “Awit 
confiden cted, y 7 750 be starch, which has a blue colour. oe — prigen a e killer“ smart chin of a ern Amy 
works on agriculture „ to ater „FFF 107 dist cone = to the fatting coop ” says our au $ 
s . > DU 1 46 P F 
a A E a EE a 
3 » Is not this plainly akin to . go on, it is converted No truth so valid as one word of 
the blind-eyes’ search for coal and hi into sugar (Grape). On 0 ib iste 
, searc. oal an ich now | produced. It combines with salts of lime and lend Hann The very best mighani AEn : tian, S 
CCC 
mountain li 4 rrow into „ 10s, but into sugar. Starch | knowledge—tell me that no ys Mr. Bab 
mestone hoping for coal, when every foot gratulos fn trade: made from the Foii ilver Poland is without the beard. bap 
we lower takes us thefuel; better than an Siong, N about tires times aa the | Being recently asked by a friend of mine, how id 
bore an artesian well on the outcrop side of a porous prepared from Ala Cove is 3 5 an — ſew à n 1 
hill range, when every the augur sinks it tremens Paisai of starch, and Wheat 70 to 80 per oth} — significantly replied, “ Ab, because OY ig 
further from the stratum that is charged with springs. oss a 2 5 i a tees Pag asa nothing about gos m rites 1 
Some of the well-known strata of the chalk forma. | precipitate with iodine, and on co from a waver solaten | and knowledge will hardly be be doubted, wie) all i 
: tion „are valiy denominated “the osp ore | ——- gelatinous mass, n is deposited — as on the continent (as in Holland, ga 5 and emp 3 
Strata;“ let us look n for iya manures, | 35 dextrine to glaze paper. eae See ene host and sang fl pasa eines they shoul hare i 
Marls and enriching clays abound in the pke 2 Pea and Bean- m er s demios ii our by boiling the tically states his opinion that they confi 
accumulations of drift which are f so la rere > r, filtering, allowing the liquid to My own observation and sweet continet 
portion of England’s surface; let us examine t ? „a muddiness of leg Teid,” will be * — Pea-meal de this, Ihave recently had Polan cages the beari 
bts hick: e 20 ose Water or milk is the flour, and the whole inti- Ireland, and o P s, and the bearded mf, 
aught possess gia mixed, forming dough ; some ene is added, and the owls were gop inferior to d shape BP 
ances as diy want. — te Ate — „ to allow the — . inferior bot i 8 2 i aed 
0 a 3 ee, starch ; their top-knot hel comparati wanting 
fe: we must not be e. to itis next 1 * 88 Ads; thin Me sir gait anà deen uus poisk : 
3 ET Amo acienfific; sugar and sugar into * eee eee 2 eee — A wed 
are const tated with the W the action of the fire Nay, so evident were deficient ! 
agriculturists. For, ajan which, to be formed, which prevents the escape of 0 0g j I d at once select a eee, : 
therefore makes the bread light, by its attempting | sa Poland, where the throat itself wage 
