al 
666 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [Oor. 16, 
hecam If upon that extent of land he could | ing the field the true state of things is soon per- which would be — at some future time, a 
— 100 sacks of 2 with the certainty of its being P eived ; for it is the clods and projecting elevations | | ‘erence rage e Z = direction. It was also aso pm gare 
only doubled, he would prefer doing so to taking the k on its surface, to which alone this dry earance | ihe * ted experimen nts with pigs, in r- 
ce of a thin-seeder and “ins d * pecks with is shag These, when the weather 1s fine, become forme . . theta = on—namely, whether 
ini suming a mouldering form, pend give to the rom vegetable sul 
not containin i 
— ‘field the . mene = a goo d-bed ; but from the a 2 b, or a bei * assimilated 
remainder exists for sale — 8 the seed ? such eminences on form a small part of the surface timen aa ———— ——˖· 
d the seed has produced: and —while they are Jomparatively of no depth, the it had taken of fatty substance in its food Animal ag 
e int especi i t 
upsets ordinar farm practice as that which some of | ern provinces distinguish very cons 3 drained authors considered sufficiently conclusive. The 
4 8 Save been urging, we think he fro m undraine d lands; and they Mustrate well the tion of fat, even to a considerable and practically vine 
i ea 
8 ortant extent, from 
had better keep it to himself. | re ate of heat and 88 e ter | B * e sta; ries of compounds wy 
We believe that on land in good cultiv ation, | | cold of the undrained lands always s them 1 — e =. ht forward, 
1 bushel or 5 pecks of moa „per Imperial acre, sown | wi jo a greater thickness and e of ‘this icy hel nenen 5a kan saad oe 
now in . from 9 inches to 1 foot apart, is mea ing. aan recently ; but it would seem that th "ie 
to do uch as any ot ther arrangement in the “although hoar-frosts are not so conspicuous or | see nions of {Professor Liebig on ia a0 
matter of pect towards the production of a ke. easily seen on ploughe ed as on Grass or other fields | gon 1 to be fully bo might be 
crop next harvest ; and we would leave all the talk covered with plants, yet the changes of temperature| hus far the authors had on alluded to the ff iy 
about pints and quarts to those whose incomes do not | are, similarly experienced by the drained and un-| of fattening poe but, having calculated many 
depend upon their farm practice. We readily admit, drained fallow ands, the vapour from the latter | dietaries, and also from a consideration of pe ber, 
with these gentlemen, that great waste of seed does | being frozen before it 1s so from the former. The | ment of the animal body under ergoing somewhat 
exist; but we do not think that experiments in effects produced by “ black” frosts are also similar, labour—as, for instance, the hunting horse, the 
garden plots, or on —.— plants from single seeds, ruining root-crops on the undrained land before they the cab horse, and the fox-hound, and also Papen 
ought to have an 2 rere ely begin to seize upon those of the CiT e t the — of the 
We last week referred to the effects of excessive | But the greatest proof of the influence of drainage e — of — — pire Pach aay ih the de 
rains and of prarnace upon clay lands at the present | upon temperature undoubtedly is the earlier period — ay 3 8 as — tion — Pye — 
season of the year. t 17 now —— at the of harvest, which is, in many an instance in this of thos A x, ge labouring classes wit Weel ae ohn 
connection between the drainage and the temperature | country, owin g to it. thats — would show that they first had 
of such s The principal influences affectin the to fat meat, suc vk, rather thasitte teas ali 
: u — — 4 
eat of the soil are the sun, evaporation, the decom- 
position of animal, vegetable, and mineral substances BRITISH ASSOCIATION—BELFAST 1852, the firs 
in the soil, and vegetation, Of these, the most “ On the Composition ike avh in relation to Respiration ——.— constituents of food. It cannot be doubted, 
the contending forces of solar heat 2 the Feeding of Ani By J. B. Lawes, Esq,, however, that the higher classes do consume a = 
imporlant soo i When lands are drained a greate: — * GILBERT. "Read Septem mber 7th. proportion of nitrogenous food, in the form of 
remainder of solar heat rem with them than —The general connection of the non- =~ though it is probable that with it more fat (which is om 
hen undrained ; for n water stagnates in the genous "constituents of food 8 and of the highest e the respiratory constituents of 
f n ap ani > on wa n into the system than was generally i 
soil evaporation is increased, and carries off a greater | and on the other, that of the nitrogenous cons Inn Fat and butter, in be said 5 have about twice 
f onsti ee 
eat. It not only does so during the | with the formation in the body of com d ini ‘tute thi 
pounds containing | and a half the capacity in this respect of starch, sugar, 
aay; thus directly counteracting the influence of the | nitrogen, and with the exercise of force, were now fully | &c, It should be ee 1 that the classes 
admitted. ese tw i 
nights as m dr ut, within and aroun nd the main | which consume the most meat are those which consume 
ratte, < such soils below what it otherwise would points there were still many open questions. It was the most butter, sugar, and, in many cases, 
hence arise other 3 between usually maintaine „ and more especially when laying drinks also. It was further worthy of remark th 
be. he 
soils anit and undrained, for the heat which the down rules in regard to o the dieting of fattening animals, | where labour was expende ed in the manufacture 
that the comparative value of food, as such, was to be | articles of food, it had generally for its object — — 
measured b wee pes ee ae ae N ae centration of the non-nitrogenous or res 
earing upon this point the authors exhibite us | stituents. Su butter, and alcoholic dri 605 
rocesse a drinks w 
processes in the soil. Again, the absence tables of the results of a very extensive series of experi paw table — of this. esa which at first a 
d ity not 80 
sal vegetation is of course benefited by the products 
th 
such 
K sufficient heat in the soil not only checks thi 
ments upon the fattening of sheep and pigs. The — | might a r an exception, w. 
ition 2 animal and vegetable substances foods employed contained different proportions respec- | pas — 3 whi ich bed ght e the ng ie re 
ro s consti- 
prl anigha- in the abs a ; ce of air, 1 in acid and tuents; and the general arrangement was such, that butter itself was always dearer ease — 
mpounds of an injurious — to plants. | each set of the animals to be compared had a fixed and In conclusion, the authors were not to be 
On the “other hand, when rains fall upon dr ained limited quantity of one description of food, and was as in any way "depreciating the value of a 
w. 0 
food; us, 
from the sun sufficient to promote vegetable decom- respective foots, the animals were enabled to fix for was attributed to it; and that it would conduce u 
an. Probably October is as favourable to the themselves, in obedience to the demands of the — further pr this most important field of inquiry, 
ertilisation of the soil, by the proper incorporation the quantities of each class of constituents whic if the current opinions on the subject were some 
ith i ny . odi 
B' 
made for the different respiratory and fat-forming noe 
* ities Nie 
or a conside 
e degree of moisture is desirable for the process, ni * — GE. 
l trogenous constituents of the foods, and also for APPLICATION OF SEWA 
—— properly drained land the work of decom- those which would probably become at once effete, the Tun public ought to be 8 grateful to yo 
p : s thus maintained during October at the | amounts consumed by a given weight of animal, of the | for directing attention from tim e to the 
88 avourable pitch a the fertilisation of the | same description, within a given time, and under other- | tant question of how town ares pee ay. be best 7 
so that, indeed, it may in some cases be wise equal circumstan represented, in the several do its proper work, i. e., to refertilise the land 
ces, 
nece. to dela fer of sowing Wheats, | sets, with different descriptions of food, almost identical | whence in the first instance it extrac 
order to avoid their being in a too forw respiratory and fat-forming capacities; w n the ere are at the present moment throughout 
state rs of winter. It is other hand, the quantities of the nitrogenous constituents | a number of towns ( they are 
different with the undrained soil, for when more taken into the system, under the same circumstances, | which, b of local boards 
rain falls than its absorbent pow varied in the different cases as e as from one to two o provisions of the Publie Health . are a 
excess flows upon the surface, shutting out the 3 = tion the works necessary for or Siig ar 
, and by evaporation carry 1 e R . the sites o that “ ae eo 
When i are thus at too low a which om a pS 
P length of time by maip wenih which the food supplied, This view selves, has too long been allowed to poison ets 
after: Seals ‘aie pre, 1 . 1 pers we should na and water in their immediate vicinity. dems 
5 1 3 equently | facts an sheer dig moe N er gend and the prompt re a p 
perishes, leaving the | of the re iS refuse from our habitations, is 25 
field covered with blanks, sometimes to such a d ti But in i heneit i 
‘ egree tion. But in Pe current W resen wee ed, and bai is a benefactor to his j 
e it has to be ploughed and resown with spring | equivalents of different foods, there would seem to be . — only as much as this; but the 
eat or Barley. Another calamity of a similar some inconsistency wi with those facts and principles. town drainage is only complete when the 
3 d scarcely of less magnitude, is the From th i, that the turned to useful account as manure. Tt is 223 K 
owing or spewing out of Wheat plants in frosty amount of | increase ‘in weight of the fattening animal | that we purify the town, we must also 
weather d 8 spring, a calamity also obviated by also bore : a much closer relationship, to the r 1 country. 1 Shakspeare's seat ae ropes 
: e eee flow fi er od we may say of sewage mall gi 1 
„ q pe git Fn abide than to that of the nitrogenous ee A certain liberal e it . him that gives an ions 
y are those 9 N upon pele ands the amount. of nitrogen was, indeed, very important ; but, | takes 7° and one of the ma imn pott db best mole 
title of bei d and od beyond a limit frequently exeseded in ractice, the | quiring a speedy solution is, “ What is ees pererlig 
title dleas agen id unproductive—a | effect of an increased per centage of nitrogen in the food | dealing with it.” It ought to be a source of  souree 
gogia eee. or Wes deserve, & as all upon an increase in weight of the animal was in a the adjacent lands; it ought, moreover, to be Stil? 
my thee np 0 ive without cultivation, and as rapidly decreasing ratio. The authors considered, there- | of income to the AMin ; it ought to become. t om 
nee in the method of cultivation — — the | fore, that the rule generally laid down, —namely, that for, or at least an aid to, Peruvian guano. a 
2 the method and the other not, the differ- the comparative values of foods, as such, were measur- tain the elements of human food, seeing that i t 
ar D e erea of arne i is obvionsly the le by the amo hich | food in a state of decomposition. Its Nolan 
aeg of productiveness ; they contained, required —— * Of must ‘be properly proportioned for the PIM rere a 
of these 
80 so chat the ald clay th or ive inn ee matter of | food, for the same 
atte he part of ott Fs ators to shuffle their Wong nsideration, a new e ‘i 3 into the wanting to show that it is as efficacious in with s 
undrained — i might be expected to be in theory, and yeb : 
ana it ú n ed iiei xperiments in which pigs were the subjects, were | versity which i xplicable, 2 
ti tiones ay Ta / in weigh of | gono gives piace to tho eate gg sa AAE 
' i the fattening animal contained much less nitrogen and | latter commands ice of 107, a ton, ‘than 008) 
y dry, and | a larger proportion of fat than was usually estimated ; sts than one g 
on enter- | and it was stated that experiments upon —— — — veted — as it can bardly bes 
