43—1852. ] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 6838 
or a it for each solid inch or r such cylinder oom reduced to their equivalent decimal previous to) was not considerable. aon most idle and lazy description 
— ol conta as experien ce in the ter may have the aa aoe in the table : or om inches | of labourers usually applied for the wor p an id as 
shown to be proper for the e purpose. ne ver meg the io ee ns may, in the first instance, be | little as ye for the money they received. In some 
The e ee of shape, condition, sex and age, reduced to ‘the decimal ‘of a foot, and — Whole reste on instances, oubt, their bodily debility from insuf- 
which we have previously noticed, as rendering a modi- then performed by fh multi iplieation o of decimals.* ___ | ficiene of "food * evented ex ertion, and the money for 
fication of formula necessary in deduein g the carcass} The result of either of the thods, for ascertaining | which they 2 their time, — — wt e was but 
weight from the weight alive, operate quite as 7 the carcass weight of stock is in imperial stones of 14 Ibs. a small par what was taff of ove 
fully in oceasioning the necessity of modification of the ee eg . Ewing, in Blackie’s Cyclopedia of surveyors, ‘eats, —.— rb &., 
‘principle stated above, ascertaining the carcass weight Agricultur athe — E ten share. Generally speaking, the 
; : aaa useful description, and i 
the shape which characterises the different breeds, PAUPERISM. | many — they were left in an unfinished state, 
, is mo i = batten froma ) to be com by county m 
mentioned mode than in the former. If we co he [Errarom.—]n our last article on this subject, in the 8th The owners of lands on which draining (often imperfect) 
pg lige a the short-horn with that of ihe e | line from the top of column c, for “religion” read children or other works were carried on, had no control what- 
- we find the e shoulder and chest, arched ribs, broad 1m ae lower down, English poor” should be “ English | soever as to the mode of accomplishing them, and few, 
loin, and log pA square quarter i the former; 3 whilst | P°° ee except the Government officials employed, derived sub- 
Tus ning and education of children in the Irish stantial advantage from them. 
smaller and lighter quarters, char se the shape of the . the 8 habits, cleanliness, morality, The paupers, ee work in Ireland, might, 
latter. The section, at the gi — plac 159 of ae and religion which may be there imparted, are not to in many instances, have been paid, like the labourers of 
approaches a true circle ; whilst in the kyloe, the section | be expected in the cabins of an ignorant and degraded | Hampton Tegle i in En rr their daily wages for en 
the same part is an ellipsis, with 3 dif- population. It is very — wee to have at least a ing in the parish pou d like cattle, or a cer 
bet th large garden connected with e ery workhouse for the per day for killing — 
besides, ‘the bulk of the hind- . shoft-horn is exercise and healthful 8 of the children more In the latter instance 54l. odd had been ma nypa 
much ter than those of the kyloe. In these points especially. To the dope rd + and Enniscorthy Union | the poor-rates in one parish —— this — in 
we find a tion in the different classes into which | Workhouses, contiguo each other, there are small | years, at the rate of 3d. per day. If 
we have divided the various breeds of British oxen, — attached, which a are 8 by boys in a great pag an honest return there must —4 boei. E 52,600 
with a view to a pee cation to meet difference of shape | Measure ; bed value of the e ral on the Ennis- | sparrows killed, which, allowing 12 sparrows 
when treating of as “peer. the carcass weight from corthy Union farm m, consisting of 10 acres, has been | I Ib., would have made the weight 4838 lbs., or three 
the weight alive ; anid $ opt the same classification estimated by “the master at 69“. for the last year; both good horse loads, and the meat of these birds would 
in {treating of attai 2 5 the same object from | the health and the 3 of the juvenile paupers has | have served 55 paupers for 12 months, allowing each 
Wea A a been improved by their field and garden labours. The 2 half a lb. of ae per a ~~ three 
he dimensions to be taken are =e length of the back | usefulne orkhouse | each week! The economical ove it is to be 
of the animal, Cy. its girth at the fore-ribs. The length | inmates is 1 questionable in sn ir ee ounds such ee had all thie — and a Tittle more e pick 
should b rom the junction of ‘the cervical and as these: 1, many farmers would discharge their maps for himself. 
orsal = which point can easily be discovered labourers whenever they could e spare them, i n the In 8 on the general 1 8 of pauperism, 
when the head of the animal is gently raised, so that | certainty of getting them ar when they wanted dem and 1 7 8 as it affects the United Kingdom, we 
e poll may be inst va with the shoulder, in a slight | 2, 5 W. would N many instances have to would invite attention to the English. allotment system, 
tely in front of wit i arm, hich has i 
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ts; and in bulls and other cattle, in extraordinary hal Ifa > aay s work ; 3, the interruption of the necessary | is making great progress in Ireland. 
tion, the exact point will be shown by a slight workhouse discipline by the introduction of farm society has effected more substantial benefit for 
| labourers unused to i poo: A an a 
ch might : when the Lab d Society, fi y 
the uppe t om whence a line | farmers would require the labo ren 4, . of the purpose of stimulating the land proprietar and 
will just include the whole of the beef of the buttock, maintaining an agricultural een parochial oe to let out to the poor as much land 
} d be take „ „But granting that such reasons have much force in as each applicant may have means to cultivate, without 
immediately behind the elbow of the fore leg. Both 5 where the supply of labour is wal adjusted infringement on his hours of ordinary work. The gent 
dim ken i ith to : emands by the neighbouring farmers, | of e . pec ow done their duty in promoting 
most careful accuracy, when the beast is standing per- the very different condition of a large portion of culti- a hum ork, which resid individuals have 
fectly at its ense. The best ee in which to take the vable but neglected land in Ireland (as also in the e High- | hon — distinguished. themselves. Almost every 
lands of Scotland) seems to invite the application of village has now its allot Werne ; and the reduetion 
is that which the animal falls into A e omin 1 pauper bour as a remunerating investment. Even i apie g and ear of pauperism have been 
tarily at rest = Mabe gently a few parse In taking higher and more pressing considerations were to have among the good 1 of the ge in many parishes, 
the girth, the lin be drawn as tightl y as it can | 20 influence, to keep able-bodied men out of the work- | But it is imperfee its operation where too high a 
be done €ithaut 1 any ereasing or nipping in of house is in itself a great point to be gained ; and = value is set on the ‘land, which ara 2 155 let to the 
hide. employment could be provided for them on union industrious and honest poo r at the r to 
E he computation of the dimensions. In the first sheen, parochial farms, in a manner which would not N solvent farmers in the v ity, It s ould be remem- 
to find the solid content of a cylinder, of which the | With the requirements of the more legitimate employers, | bered that the patch of * is the an material from 
girth and length of the animal are e the and at wages a degree lower t the ordinary local which the labour extracts an amount of food, by what 
erence and le ength, as noticed above, the rule scales, the maintenance i such-labourers on the culti- | may be termed his waste labour, which, if paid for in 
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such p ain by the length. N Sor found pat SÀ ‘þe provided with e eee ait the lowest rate. The benevolence which e 
8. solidity , Fy’ the 5 the next step to ascertain accommodation for cooking their food (at such reason- | the maximum instead of the minimum price for ‘wah a 
i 0 i dlords and 
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ed in such assumed cylinder. This weight we by erecting them), and thus be enabled to ‘ake home at | according to the — and rules of the 
aye found: i from numerous emer a vary from | the end of the week the surp “4 earnings of it. Friend Society, ca more 3 relieve ad 
about two and a half to four imperial stones per cubie And in order to stimulate industry and obviate losses and obviate bees ecke. of fut = 
foot ; and by the use of which, the rule will become the | from broken days, through bad, weather {or any contin- | localities among labourers’ families 
Square of the girth in feet and inches, multiplied by the | gencies, 8 should be the rule of the system: by eee out to — full extent the — system. 
in feet ga * and that product again by 2 so that y advantage of time andzseason might be | Where nelosures are made of commons, the local 
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8 uc ot K 58 maple It seems idle to complain now of a superfluity al and from this source, too, under wise and generous. 
5 workmen in Ireland, where the popu lation has been so | ements, very consi reli i 
the extreme . * our 9 Now, 3 thinned ; but if i ndividual enterprise should not aß throughout England to the poor adjoining such enelo- 
meet the gradation in the extent of the several circum- the present scanty number of je (and even | sures, M. D. 
stances wi al dimensions tho carcass weight of 3 bs 9 but not offscourings, of English — 
7. ensions, the follo table bour), for area of land in want of cultur 
— * e mist of woul . iste engrafted te te ae poor QUANTITY OF MANURE MADE ON A FARM. 
in ont experiments on. the subject ; and the classifi ion 2 f Pauperism i 
82 which we have adopted therein, is the same suggested; the imposition of a qra — to 9 
that used in r the carcass weight of oxen 8 auch an object, 3 an 
8 weight hee Scotlan where an an analagous xists in many | management 
multipliers of the product of the square could not be ristida biT Sp za Sg by those on scarcel, 
. Multiplied by the length, to ascertain the carcass rR ye of | Whom it might fall. the 
07 N s—the dimensions — taken in feet * 3 of ass = isting of 1 poor, labour- a 
; tip ee ciad Heifers. were resorte to, whid a in course of | 100 
Condition s3 Tat ä Mulfipliers, liquidation, — have N oe omy in their proportions 
Halt tat T 1. Gl — 2, Cissi 3. to poor-rates from 23d. to n the pound, and in some 
* in — localities where distreas oon wailed to much extent, to a | the 
Prime at wisn e Uber 245 24 greater degree. The object was good in principle, but | t 
| ery fat ag >on 262 26 25 the recipients of the relief afforded from this source | 
| s4 3 Por Da aa 3 oe 0s EY or 2 the — anne the oe com- — 
70 e i e gi ve an ex pp N 
R W 262 25 A short-horn heifer, three 1 3 old, bred and 
: ‘aco 288 275 475 fed es th late Duke of Bs herons ir me $ her ons just 
For arly fat) 228 previous to kaf being: killed: st Che pati eee. 
Cattle not included in the Classification referred a in vias 3 he computation of the | 408s 
foregoing Table, ; i ' follows :— de 
mire the mension: ru as follows — | 
Holstein in balioei fattened after x haven “twos =g A srat of ppe 5 — 5°6", i 458057 ond | 
mu ne 75. or 5°6’, is 1 4 
N us aud heifers, ne E im he product a whic, 5 ied by 2 the tabular i vig | ust 
bulloc 5 ENH n the case, is 126.212, &., or i 15 eee i 
eee vil 8 chat eross bred an animals, gt by 1 by computation, 
2 — of their sire, in which case the ; s 
wae applicable to them are th those in the column ‘and the boys who have been appreuticed to fondant wh have 
— us ae ork suc! ‘ned of 
8 Wales, pp. 181 to 18. 
and 
— — * . 
me England and 
