AND HABITS OF CLERUS FORMICARIUS, LINN. 123 
LARVA.—The larva is rosy red. It has well-marked three- 
jointed antennee, and on each side of the head five small simple 
eyes. The dark head is followed by twelve seg- 
ments, of which the first three, or thoracic (each 
of which carries a pair of one-clawed legs), dis- 
tinguish themselves thus:—The first has a 
brown chitinous or horny shield almost cover- 
ing the upper side of the segment; the second 
ooo ie ariue, 2d third each show two small chitinous spots 
ae magnified or plates, one on each side of the middle line. 
rom na 
: The last body-segment has also a brown shield, 
and the body ends in two small cerci or projections. 
PupA.—The pupa, which is not enclosed in a cocoon, lies in 
a chamber or cell whose inner walls are lined with a whitish 
or greyish silvery secretion. The head and body 
are beset with hairs. The antenne lie along the 
ventral surface, concealed in part by the first 
two pairs of bent legs. The wings reach about 
half-way down the abdomen, the hinder or 
Fig. 13. lower pair showing slightly below the upper 
Pupa maenifea Pait, each of which comes toa point. From the 
After Westwood.end of the abdomen two outwardly-directed 
spines project. 
LIFE- SUSSORY AND Hapits.—Both larva and imago are, 
jfrom the forester's standpoint, in the highest 
degree useful. The larva lives below the bark of 
‘conifers, such as pine and spruce, feeding upon 
‘the larve and pupz and beetles of injurious 
me species that infest these trees—e.g., my last speci- 
Fig. 4, ‘mens were taken from below the bark of a Pzxus 
Clerus formicarius. sylvestris which was infested with Aylesinus 
Protessoe Penk Palliatus. 
The larve of Clerus formicarius are themselves able to bore 
into and tunnel the bark. While making observations on this 
beetle I placed several of the larvae on the outside of some 
thick pieces of pine-bark. These soon buried themselves in 
the bark, and the glass on which the pieces of bark were 
resting under a bell-jar often showed little heaps of bore-dust 
from the tunnelling of the C/erus larve. Doubtless this 
