138 WHYTOCK—TIHE CULTIVATION OF 
Secondly, as to width. The inside of the house is usually all 
border. I am much in favour of a wide outside border, for I 
always notice the best and greatest number of the roots are in 
the outside border, even when the vines are planted inside and 
have a good inside border. 
In making a new border for planting young vines it is bad 
practice to make up at once the border in its whole possible 
width both inside and outside; it is better to make at first a 
width of only three feet inside and three feet outside—that will 
be sufficient for the young vines for the first two years, and then 
three feet more may be added to both outside and inside. 
_ The next consideration is the material of which the border is 
made. The soil should be of the oldest pasture land, as rich 
and as fibrous as you can get it. I am much in favour of 
skinning it from the field and carting it direct to the border, 
granting the border is to be two-and-a-half feet deep. I should 
cut up the sods into large pieces, mixing with lime-rubbish and 
a spadeful of half-inch bones to each barrowful of soil. I should 
fill up the allotted piece of border with this rough mixture to the 
depth of eighteen inches, For the remaining depth of one foot 
_ to be filled, I should chop the sods very much smaller, measuring 
it in barrowfuls, and placing it in a long narrow ridge. I should 
then spread over this ridge one spadeful of bone-meal and one 
spadeful of, say, Thomson’s vine-manure to each barrowful of 
soil, adding a good sprinkling of finely broken lime-rubbish. 
This ridge being now ready for mixing, the only way I should 
have it done, is that the men turn it all over with their hands in 
order that the powdered manures may become thoroughly mixed 
through the soil. One foot of this mixture put on top of the 
one-and-a-half foot of soil already put in makes the border two- 
and-a-half feet deep. : 
This work should always if possible be done in dry weather 
and with the soil in a comparatively dry state, and that being so, 
the soi] should be put into the border in layers little by little, and 
between each little it should get a good tramping. Loose borders 
soon prove an evil, encouraging thick roots to get too quickly 
down to the bottom of the border. 
We have now got the vinery and its border, and our next 
consideration is the vines with which it is to be planted. 
