142 WHYTOCK—THE CULTIVATION OF 
ventilation, but there are often times when it is not advisable 
to open air at either of these points, and yet it would be most 
beneficial to have a little fresh air entering the house. Some of 
our best grape-growers, when getting a new vinery built, allow a 
little space between the panes at the point when they overlap 
each other -on the roof, and by so doing a little fresh air is 
admitted all over the roof. In large vineries with large panes of 
glass, and in which labour is scarce, these little openings all over 
the roof are a great benefit and prevent scorching of foliage, 
give to the foliage greater substance, and help colouring of the 
fruit as well as flavour. 
It is of the greatest importance to have plenty of piping 
in vineries. There is nothing so hurtful to vines as over- 
heated pipes. I would at all times rather have a house 5° or 
8° below the mean temperature than force it up with very 
hot pipes. Abundant piping keeps up the heat without over- 
heating. 
Muscat grapes, the finest of all grapes and the most difficult 
to grow, require high temperature accompanied with abundance 
of moisture. When in flower Muscats should never be subjected 
to a temperature below 73°. Through the day run the tempera- 
ture up to 90° even with little air, but be sure along with such 
a high temperature to keep the air saturated with moisture. 
These conditions will ensure a splendid set of fruit. Muscats 
require all through a mean temperature of 70°. The foliage of 
the Muscat is more tender than is that of any other vine, and it 
will not stand the same treatment with insecticides that of other 
vines will do. 
The Black Hamboro is our best quality black grape. The 
unfortunate thing about it is that it does not keep long after 
being ripe. It may be said at the present time to be the least 
successfully grown of any of our black grapes, that is to say, 
at our Flower Shows we find worse exhibits of Black Hamboro 
grapes than of any other varieties. I do not think high tempera- 
tures suit it at any stage of its growth. It requires a mean 
temperature of 60° to give it good flavour and develop a good 
bloom on the berries. From the time it begins to change colour, 
air should be kept on the vinery night and day. 
Muscat of Alexandria and Black Hamboro are the two best 
