G.—ENGINEERING 139 
drawing is prepared, followed by detail drawings of the larger parts, 
which are issued to the pattern shop and forge, while foundation drawings 
are sent to the customer, so that the buildings can be constructed or 
adapted. Drawings of all remaining details and pipework will follow, 
complete with lists of material and any special drawings for erection on 
site. 
An important section of the works manager’s organisation is the plan- 
ning department. This department will interest itself in preparing 
a programme of dates by which the different items must be complete in 
pattern shop, foundry, smiths’ shop, machine shop, erecting shop, etc., 
so that the promised delivery date will be adhered to. ‘This also involves 
a programme of work for the larger machine tools extending possibly 
six months ahead, specifying the hours allowed for the different operations. 
The quality of the materials is the concern of the works laboratory, 
which must ensure that all material specifications are complied with, and, 
where the customer’s inspector desires to witness tests, must arrange for 
these to be carried out without the causation of delay in delivering the 
material in question to the machine shops. In addition to such routine 
testing, the laboratory should carry out considerable investigatory work, 
to keep up with the ever-increasing demands of the designer and for the 
improvement of materials generally. Those parts of the machinery 
required to withstand pressure must be subjected to hydraulic tests some 
50 to 100 per cent. in excess of the maximum anticipated. 
Where possible, running tests are made at the firm’s works under condi- 
tions approximating to those on site. A Diesel engine and dynamo set 
should be tested separately, the engine by the dynamometer brake method, 
and the dynamo electrically ; and a combined test may finally be run in 
the presence of the purchaser. The testing of steam turbines usually 
presents greater difficulties by reason of the great variation in conditions, 
but enough data must be thus accumulated on which to base a judgment 
of performance. Pump testing has also its complications, for a mine 
pump may deliver a small quantity of water against a head of 3,000 ft., 
while a graving dock pump may be required to handle a large quantity 
against a head of less than 50 ft. 
Transport of the finished machinery to site must be considered from 
the efficiency point of view by rail, road, water, or air, the last named from 
necessity rather than efficiency. 
In concluding this part of the address which refers to engineering 
works of various kinds, I have endeavoured to show the changing circum- 
stances in which we live to-day and the difficulties which we have to face, 
requiring constant research and experiment. I would here like to pay 
my tribute to the Director, Sir Joseph Petavel, and his staff at the National 
Physical Laboratory, and express my gratitude for the help they have so 
readily given. It is my experience, and I recommend it to others, that 
when one is faced with a difficult problem the staff at the National Physical 
Laboratory is always ready to offer advice. I have not forgotten the recent 
meeting held at the Royal Society, under the chairmanship of Sir Richard 
Glazebrook, when a discussion took place on the suggestions for research 
work required for the advancement in engineering. 
