SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—E. 501 
of arable land—but enormous changes in other areas, especially on tracts 
of heavy soil. Amongst the factors specially considered have been soil, 
slope, accessibility, value and desirability for residential purposes and 
economic factors consequent upon the growth of London. A further 
extension of the work has been possible in one or two areas by using 
seventeenth-century manorial maps. 
Prof. E. G. R. TayLor.—Economic geography of early Stuart England 
(11.30). 
The economic problems of England three centuries ago, as they are dis- 
cussed in the literature of the period, are strikingly similar to those dis- 
cussed in newspapers to-day. Over-population, the decay of rural life, 
urbanisation, unemployment, the burden imposed by high wages and 
rising prices on the upkeep of great estates, the ruin of the roads by heavy 
traffic for which they were not designed, the dangerous depletion of timber 
supplies, ‘ unfair’ foreign competition in the fishing industry, free trade 
and the balance of trade, the need for improvement of internal water-ways, 
for the control of flood-waters, for the reclamation of fens and marshes, 
for the improvement of methods of husbandry—all these had their geo- 
graphical aspects, and their brief discussion is intended to throw light on the 
geography of early Stuart England. 
Mr. H. C. K. HENDERSON.—Downland agriculture of East Sussex (12.15). 
During the last 150 years several surveys of land utilisation on the South 
Downs have been made. The first is an unfinished map of Sussex, four 
sheets of which were published in an incomplete state in 1780 : the published 
map is on a 2-inch scale, and was constructed by Yeakell and Gardner 
in competition for the prize for large-scale county maps. Between 1836 
and 1851 the tithe maps were constructed for each parish, and the roll in 
most cases records land utilisation ; fortunately Sussex was almost entirely 
tithable. In 1875 the Ordnance Survey issued the first edition of the 
25-inch maps of Sussex, together with area books which include utilisation 
details. The extent of arable activities and the crop distributions have 
been mapped on a 6-inch scale for 1931, and also, for part of the region 
concerned, for 1918 and 1927, by the writer. 
Each of these larger-scale surveys has been reduced to the common scale 
of t inch to 1 mile, whence a direct comparison of the varying extent of 
arable cultivation can be obtained. 
Finally, a statistical summary of crop distributions relative to various 
factors has been compiled from the actual field distributions of crops in 
1931. 
AFTERNOON. 
Excursion to Charnwood Forest. 
Wednesday, September 13. 
Mr. K. C. Epwarps.—Some aspects of the Luxemburg iron industry 
(9.45). 
For more than a century before the exploitation of the munette ore of 
Lorraine (mainly since 1870) there existed in central Luxemburg one of the 
important iron-working regions of Europe. The mineral was obtained 
