508 SECTIONAL 'TRANSACTIONS.—F*. 
book-keeping system properly planned. Réle of accountancy to plan 
system and provide figures to guide principal. Freedom to concentrate on 
manufacturing (or buying) and selling essential. 
Education of book-keepers.—Methods of preparation of statistics insuffi- 
ciently emphasised by current text-books. Elaboration desirable. Mean- 
time, under proper supervision, book-keepers can meet requirements. 
Kinds of statistics—No general forms. Each business own peculiar 
problems. Attitude of owner and book-keeper. History of specific case. 
Statistics produced without extra cost. Main statement comparison of 
Working Capital monthly, and monthly Manufacturing or Trading and 
Profit and Loss Account. Examples given and method of compilation 
explained. Budgeting for sales, estimates of gross profit, expenses and 
net profit, with proper form of standard costs. Periodic comparison 
with actual results. All a preventive against price-cutting and ultimate 
bankruptcy. 
Monday, September 11. 
AFTERNOON. 
Discussion on The psycho-physiological requirements of modern factory 
equipment, including particular instances of applied physiology and 
psychology (Chairman : Sir Henry Fow ter, K.B.E.) (3.0) :— 
Mr. G. P. CRowDEN.—The practical value of physiology to industry. 7 
Physiology, the medical science which deals with the working of the normal 
healthy body and the daily needs of man, has a dual field of application in 
industry, namely, to the worker in relation to his work and to the products 
of manufacture. Nearly sixteen million men and women in England and 
Wales are engaged in industry, and the daily cycle of work, fatigue and 
recovery must be in equilibrium if the health, comfort and efficiency of 
these workers are to be maintained. 
The execution of the work without undue fatigue; the intensity and 
nature of lighting requisite fora given task ; the conditions of temperature 
and ventilation in factories, workshops and mines compatible with human 
comfort, efficiency and health ; noise, vibration, food and clothing in rela- 
tion to occupation and environment—these are physiological problems 
some of which have been studied in this country and abroad, but much 
remains to be done. 
The products of industry, lighting installations, heating and ventilating 
systems, boots, headwear and clothing for this country and the tropics, 
insulation in building and ship construction and passenger transport vehicles, 
manufactured food-stuffs—all these things are bought by consumers for their 
better health, comfort or efficiency, and therefore the physiological needs 
of man should be studied and understood. 
Industrial science and physiological science should be working hand in 
hand—the latter prescribing and the former providing for the wants of man. 
Dr. G. H. Mires.—The human factor in relation to the design of 
factory equipment and machinery. 
Factory equipment and machinery has in the past been designed from the 
point of view of the engineer who desires to attain a definite mechanical 
result. Modern management is interested not only in the result, but in 
the efficiency with which the result can be repeated throughout each working 
day. An important factor in efficiency is the human being who controls’ 
